Chapter 20 - Wall and Ceiling Construction

The predominant steel component used for floor joists, wall studs, roof rafters, and ceiling joists in residential construction.

Rubble stonework in which the stones are dressed with relatively straight edges to fit a particular place in the pattern, but still give a rubble, not ashlar, appearance.

Stonework made up of undressed stones of irregular shapes.

The third stucco layer in the three-coat process; a thin layer in which texture or design patterns are applied.

A structural member, also called a jack stud, that is not full length due to a wall opening.

Rubble stonework in which all of the stones are generally flat or rectangular, so that the result looks like courses (rows) of stone

A fired clay masonry product.

The first stucco layer in the three-coat stucco system, which covers the lath and provides support for the second coat.

Concrete wall forms made of foam insulation that are filled with concrete and remain in place to become part of the exterior wall structure.

Brick that is uniform in size and has sharp corners and lines.

A coating applied to the outside of a structure that forms a protective, low-maintenance, yet decorative shell around the structure; consists of Portland cement, lime, sand, and water.

A full-height structural member at the sides of a wall opening to which trimmers (also called jack studs) are nailed to provide additional support.

A method of constructing headers for window and door openings in which shorter studs and jack studs are firmly nailed to the sole and top plates of the opening.

A structural member positioned inside a wall opening to help support the header over the opening.

A membrane placed under a stucco finish that protects most of the wall area from moisture accumulation between the structure and the stucco.

An opening that allows entry into the attic of a home.

Rubble stonework in which the stones are dressed with relatively straight edges to fit a particular place in the pattern, but still give a rubble, not ashlar, appearance.

A method of constructing headers for window and door openings in which the header size is increased to completely fill the space from the top of the rough opening to the top plate.

A wire or ribbed material that provides support and attachment for the layers of stucco applied to a wall.

Strips of 2 × 2 or 1 × 3 lumber affixed to a masonry wall to provide a nailing surface for drywall, plaster, or paneling.

Brick that is less uniform in size and color than face brick and may have a lip on one or more edges.

A wall constructed entirely of brick, concrete block, stone, clay tile, terra cotta, or a combination of these materials.

A wall constructed of concrete blocks; units are arranged to provide a continuous air space 2" to 3" thick.

Stonework that uses dressed, cut, or squared stones to provide a regular pattern or finished appearance.

A structural member positioned inside a wall opening to help support the header over the opening.

An angled cut on a joist end in solid brick and stone walls to prevent toppling the wall if the house should catch fire.

The second stucco layer in the three-coat process; covers any lath not covered by the scratch coat, adds strength to the shell, trues up the surface, and provides an appropriate surface for the final coat.

The bottom horizontal member of a frame wall, on which the studs rest.

Structural members that combine two outer "skins" and an insulating foam core into a single unit for framing applications.

The traditional method of applying stucco that consists of a scratch coat, brown coat, and finish coat of stucco