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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    28
    2
    4
    36
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    starch
    glucose
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    9
    14
    6
    2
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    requires
    does not require
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    does not require energy to occur
    requires energy to occur
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    none of these
    reactants
    byproducts
    foods
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Phagocytosis
    Pinocytosis
    Diffusion
    Exocytosis
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Viruses
    Eukaryotes
    Prokaryotes
    Bacteria
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    repeat the experiment several times
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant cells only
    animal cells only
    plant and animal cells
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    the cell uses all available ATP
    none of these
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    chlorophyll-pigment
    none of these
    plant - heterotroph
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    all of these
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    none of the above
    glucose
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
    stay the same
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    olive oil
    lard
    butter
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Butter
    Hemoglobin
    Sugar
    DNA
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    analyze results
    test hypothesis
    state the problem
    clean up your lab station
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants and animals
    animals
    plants only
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    base
    acid
    neutral substance
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    cell membrane
    nucleus
    lysosomes
    cell wall
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    basic
    acidic
    neutral substances
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    hypothesis, experiment
    experiment, hypothesis
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    fructose
    Pgal
    glucose
    citric acid
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    lemon juice
    household ammonia
    vinegar
    stomach acid
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    NADPH
    Acetyl-CoA
    FAD
    Rubisco
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    the krebs cycle
    glycolysis
    light-dependent reactions
    none of these
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    All of these
    it forms the macromolecules
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    it can form long chains
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    yeast
    some bacteria
    plants
    all of these
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    fat -- lipid
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    starch -- nucleic acid
    amino acid -- protein
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    make glucose
    initial light absorption
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    requires, with
    does not require, against
    does not require, with
    requires, against
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    flexibility
    selective permeability
    permissability
    plasticity
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solvent
    solute
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    none of these
    lysosome
    chloroplast
    ribosome
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    golgi bodies
    mitochondrai
    chloroplast
    cytoplasm
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    none of the above
    single/double helix
    carbon rings
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    hair
    none of these
    enzymes
    antibodies
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    It comes from the splitting of water
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    none of these
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    responds to the change you made on purpose
    you change on purpose to get a response
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    during photosynthesis
    none of the above
    after the light-independent reactions
    after the light-dependent reactions
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    none of these
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Nitrogen
    Oxygen
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    nitrogen
    oxygen
    none of these
    carbon
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    vinegar
    water
    salt
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    makes; breaks
    breaks; makes
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    electrons
    ATP
    neutrons
    protons
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    glucose
    fructose
    sucrose
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, oxygen
    ATP, oxygen
    ATP, carbon dioxide
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; lipids
    Enzymes; proteins
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    28
    2
    36
    4
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    photosystem II
    the Calvin Cycle
    both photosystem I & II
    photosystem I
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cytoskeleton
    cell membrane
    vacuole
    cell wall
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    ATP
    sugars
    all of these
    proteins
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of oxygen produced
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    none of these
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    hypotonic
    isotonic
    isometric
    hypertonic
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
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