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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    glucose
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    does not require, against
    requires, against
    requires, with
    does not require, with
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Oxygen
    Hydrogen
    Carbon
    Nitrogen
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    does not require energy to occur
    requires energy to occur
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    the cell uses all available ATP
    none of these
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    breaks; makes
    makes; breaks
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    photosystem II
    both photosystem I & II
    the Calvin Cycle
    photosystem I
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    salt
    vinegar
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
    none of the above
    carbon rings
    single/double helix
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    neutrons
    ATP
    protons
    electrons
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    antibodies
    hair
    enzymes
    none of these
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    after the light-dependent reactions
    none of the above
    during photosynthesis
    after the light-independent reactions
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    none of these
    the krebs cycle
    glycolysis
    light-dependent reactions
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of oxygen produced
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
    none of these
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    fructose
    sucrose
    glucose
    none of the above
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    some bacteria
    all of these
    yeast
    plants
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Butter
    Hemoglobin
    Sugar
    DNA
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    mitochondrai
    chloroplast
    cytoplasm
    golgi bodies
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    plants and animals
    plants only
    animals
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solvent
    solute
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    neutral substance
    acid
    base
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    plasticity
    flexibility
    selective permeability
    permissability
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Phagocytosis
    Pinocytosis
    Diffusion
    Exocytosis
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    2
    14
    6
    9
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Prokaryotes
    Bacteria
    Eukaryotes
    Viruses
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    cell wall
    nucleus
    lysosomes
    cell membrane
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    starch -- nucleic acid
    fat -- lipid
    amino acid -- protein
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    lard
    butter
    olive oil
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    36
    2
    28
    4
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    requires
    does not require
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
    none of these
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    animal cells only
    plant cells only
    plant and animal cells
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    chloroplast
    ribosome
    lysosome
    none of these
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    plant - heterotroph
    none of these
    chlorophyll-pigment
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    test hypothesis
    analyze results
    state the problem
    clean up your lab station
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    glucose
    fructose
    citric acid
    Pgal
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    sucrose
    starch
    fructose
    glucose
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    lemon juice
    vinegar
    stomach acid
    household ammonia
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    make glucose
    initial light absorption
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    hypertonic
    isotonic
    hypotonic
    isometric
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    repeat the experiment several times
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    basic
    neutral substances
    acidic
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cell wall
    cytoskeleton
    cell membrane
    vacuole
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it forms the macromolecules
    All of these
    it can form long chains
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    FAD
    Rubisco
    NADPH
    Acetyl-CoA
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    2
    4
    36
    28
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    reactants
    foods
    byproducts
    none of these
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    proteins
    all of these
    sugars
    ATP
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    shrink (shrivel)
    stay the same
    swell (burst)
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the splitting of water
    none of these
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    It comes from the air we breathe in
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    none of these
    carbon
    nitrogen
    oxygen
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    all of these
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    experiment, hypothesis
    hypothesis, experiment
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
    Sugar, oxygen
    ATP, oxygen
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
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