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Biology Semester Exam Review 2021

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  • The Krebs cycle forms ____________ which is later broken down through a series of reactions.
    citric acid
    glucose
    Pgal
    fructose
  • ________________ is a type of endocytosis and is considered to be “cellular eating.”
    Exocytosis
    Phagocytosis
    Diffusion
    Pinocytosis
  • Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
    glucose
    sucrose
    starch
    fructose
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    glycolysis - anaerobic
    none of these
    Krebs Cycle - matrix of mitochondria
    Electron Transport Chain - Cristae
  • The light independent reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the ____________ of the chloroplast.
    stroma
  • Aerobic cellular respiration primarily takes place in which organelle?
    mitochondria
  • This organelle manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell; contains the genetic information used to make proteins.
    Nucleus
  • The splitting of water during photosynthesis takes place during _______________________.
    Photosystem II
  • Which of the following best describes what you should do if your hypothesis is supported while using the scientific method?
    modify experiment entirely, including hypothesis
    accept results & move on to another experiment
    repeat the experiment several times
  • The various enzymes in our bodies are _________________________.
    proteins
  • Photosynthesis can be broken down into 2 main steps; the __________ & _____________.
    Light-dependent reactions; light-independent reactions
    Glycolysis; Kreb Cycle
    Photosystem I; Photosystem II
    Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain
  • Active transport ______________ energy to occur because particles move __________ the concentration gradient.
    requires, against
    requires, with
    does not require, against
    does not require, with
  • Every time a carbon is removed from the carbon chain in cellular respiration, _____________ gas is ___________.
    carbon dioxide, exhaled
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    plant - heterotroph
    mitochondria-cellular respiration
    chlorophyll-pigment
    none of these
  • Many foods we eat are typically _____________.
    acidic
    basic
    neutral substances
  • The light-dependent reactions _________________ light to occur.
    does not require
    requires
  • During cellular respiration, __________________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
    oxygen
  • Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) ________________.
    neutral substance
    acid
    base
  • The dependent variable is the variable that _________________________________.
    you change on purpose to get a response
    responds to the change you made on purpose
  • Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of solution?
    hypertonic
    isometric
    isotonic
    hypotonic
  • Carbon is an important element for life because _________________________________.
    it can form long chains
    it can form single, double, & triple bonds
    it forms the macromolecules
    All of these
  • ________________ is an example of a protein.
    Butter
    DNA
    Sugar
    Hemoglobin
  • Nucleotides make up _____________________.
    nucleic acids
  • Diffusion is a process that _________________________.
    does not require energy to occur
    requires energy to occur
  • A very strong acid might have a pH of _________.
    6
    14
    2
    9
  • _________________ are organisms that obtain their energy from foods they consume.
    heterotrophs
  • Light absorption takes place in which part of photosynthesis?
    the Calvin Cycle
    photosystem I
    photosystem II
    both photosystem I & II
  • For every glucose molecule, ______ ATPs are produced from all parts of cellular respiration.
    4
    36
    2
    28
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    glucose
    sucrose
    fructose
    none of the above
  • The ___________ is the structure that provides the site for making proteins.
    ribosome
  • The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
    Eukaryotes
    Bacteria
    Prokaryotes
    Viruses
  • The network of tiny rods and filaments that forms a framework for the cell is called the _________.
    cytoskeleton
  • Water is a __________ molecule that is formed by a ___________ bond.
    polar, covalent
  • Glycolysis occurs in the ________________ of the cell and ______ require oxygen to occur.
    cytoplasm; does not
  • According to the cell theory, all cells come from _________________.
    pre-existing cells
  • Which of the following is NOT made up of proteins?
    enzymes
    antibodies
    none of these
    hair
  • Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fat?
    lard
    butter
    olive oil
  • The purpose of photosystem I is to _____________________.
    make glucose
    absorb additional sunlight to re-energize the electrons
    initial light absorption
  • Wax is an example of which type of macromolecule?
    lipid
  • Which of the following organisms undergo photosynthesis?
    animals
    plants only
    plants and animals
  • Diffusion moves molecules from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
    high, low
  • The movement of materials into and out of the cells is controlled by the ___________________.
    cell membrane
  • Which of the following lists the correct order of the levels of organization?
    cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
  • The ___________ is the substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
    solvent
    solute
  • During cellular respiration, oxygen is one of the reactants. Where does it come from?
    It comes from the air we breathe in
    It comes from the splitting of Carbon Dioxide
    none of these
    It comes from the splitting of water
  • Which type of organism consists of specialized cells?
    unicellular eukaryotes
    multicellular prokaryotes
    multicellular eukaryotes
    unicellular prokaryotes
  • This organelle is a firm, protective structure/barrier that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
    cytoskeleton
    vacuole
    cell wall
    cell membrane
  • In a hypotonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    shrink (shrivel)
    swell (burst)
  • Carbohydrates are made up of all of the elements listed EXCEPT __________________.
    Hydrogen
    Nitrogen
    Carbon
    Oxygen
  • ATP is only “usable” when it is ___________________________.
    it's broken down into ADP or AMP
  • What is the role of NAD+, NADP+, FAD+ in photosynthesis & cellular respiration?
    they carry electrons
  • When writing a hypothesis, it should be in the format of a(n) _____________________________________.
    if...then... statement
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
    state the problem
    clean up your lab station
    analyze results
    test hypothesis
  • The energy carrying molecules used in cellular respiration & photosynthesis help carry __________.
    electrons
    protons
    ATP
    neutrons
  • RNA is an example of a _______________.
    nucleic acid
  • Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
    sucrose
    fructose
    glucose
  • Lipids are made up of all of the following elements EXCEPT _________________.
    carbon
    none of these
    nitrogen
    oxygen
  • In an isotonic solution, how do water molecules move across the membrane?
    move both in and out of the cell at equal rates
  • The electron transport chain in photosynthesis takes place in the _____________________.
    light dependent reactions
  • An example of a basic substance would be _______________.
    vinegar
    lemon juice
    household ammonia
    stomach acid
  • Which organelle is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
    cytoplasm
    golgi bodies
    mitochondrai
    chloroplast
  • The purpose of the control is to __________________________________________.
    have a standard of comparison for the data
  • In order to test a(n) ____________________, you need to design a(n) __________________.
    experiment, hypothesis
    hypothesis, experiment
  • The Krebs Cycle occurs _____________________.
    during photosynthesis
    none of the above
    after the light-independent reactions
    after the light-dependent reactions
  • ____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
    Enzymes; proteins
    Enzymes; lipids
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria.
    matrix
  • -The purpose of cellular respiration is to make _________.
    ATP
    proteins
    all of these
    sugars
  • Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
    cellulose -- carbohydrate
    starch -- nucleic acid
    fat -- lipid
    amino acid -- protein
  • The two types of fermentation include __________________________.
    lactic acid & alcoholic
  • The __________________ helps cells maintain homeostasis because it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
    lysosomes
    cell membrane
    nucleus
    cell wall
  • This organelle produces a usable form of energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
    ribosome
    none of these
    chloroplast
    lysosome
  • During photosynthesis, when is sugar formed?
    light-dependent reactions
    none of these
    the krebs cycle
    glycolysis
  • ____________________ is the process by which the sun’s energy is used to make simple sugars.
    Photosynthesis
  • _________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
    Triglycerides
  • ______________ are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
    monosaccharides
  • Cellular respiration ______________ sugars, while photosynthesis _______________ sugars.
    makes; breaks
    breaks; makes
  • What’s the name of the enzyme made during the transition step that is used in the Krebs Cycle?
    NADPH
    Rubisco
    Acetyl-CoA
    FAD
  • The pigment that gives plants their green color is _____________.
    chlorophyll
  • Diffusion stops when ____________________________________________________.
    the substance completely moves to the other side
    none of these
    the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
    the cell uses all available ATP
  • If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) ____________________.
    eukaryote
  • Cellular respiration occurs in __________________.
    plant and animal cells
    animal cells only
    plant cells only
  • Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called ________________________.
    Lysosomes
  • ______________ transport does not require cellular energy to occur.
    Passive
  • An example of an independent variable would be the _________________________________.
    amount of sugar placed in yeast/water mixture
    none of these
    amount of oxygen produced
    amount of Carbon dioxide produced
  • In a hypertonic solution, a cell will __________.
    stay the same
    swell (burst)
    shrink (shrivel)
  • Fermentation is a way for organisms to produce _______ when enough ___________ isn’t present.
    ATP, carbon dioxide
    ATP, oxygen
    Sugar, oxygen
    Sugar, carbon dioxide
  • Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?
    Organs in an organ system work together to do a specific job
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar tissues
    all of these
    The organs in an organ system are made up of similar cells
  • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _______________.
    animal cells
  • ____________________ is the term used to describe only allowing certain materials to enter into the cell.
    plasticity
    flexibility
    permissability
    selective permeability
  • _____________ is an example of anaerobic respiration because it occurs in the _______________________.
    Fermentation; absence of oxygen
    cellular respiration; absence of carbon dioxide
    Cellular Respiration; absence of oxygen
    Fermentation; absence of carbon dioxide
  • Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______________.
    polarity
  • The scientist(s) that is/are credited for the cell theory is/are ____________________.
    Schleiden & Schwann
  • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in ________________.
    plants
    yeast
    all of these
    some bacteria
  • An example of a solute would be _____________________.
    water
    salt
    vinegar
  • During glycolysis, organisms gain a net of ____ ATP.
    28
    4
    36
    2
  • _________________ are the building blocks of protein.
    amino acids
  • Which of the following best describes the general shape of nucleic acids?
    carbon rings
    none of the above
    single/double helix
    long carbon chains with fatty acids
  • This organelle is a folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm; can be classified as rough or smooth.
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • The name for each type of fermentation relates to the __________ they make.
    foods
    none of these
    reactants
    byproducts
  • ________________ is the diffusion of water and it is a form of __________ transport.
    osmosis, passive
  • The ____________________ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
    lipid bilayer
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