what is the angle of insonation when doing doppler within the kidney?
0 degrees
What are kidneys important landmarks?
Transpyloric plane
Located halfway between suprasternal notch and symphysis pubis
Renal artery disease is correctable with?
Treatment will control or cure Renovascular hypertension,
Retention of renal mass,
Stabilization of renal function
Up to ___% of hypertensive patients have underlying renal disease
6%
In severe ________ hypertension patients, up to ____% are related to renal artery _____.
diastolic, 60%, stenosis
With >80% stenosis, changes include
Delayed systolic upstroke
Loss of compliance peak
PSV decreased distally
PSV greater ____ cm/s and stenosis greater ___ % is flow reducing renal artery stenosis.
180cm/s and >60%
Rigth kidney is _____ to left.
inferior
Kidney length is _____ cm; width of ______ cm
8-13cm and 5-7cm
True/ False: Atherosclerosis is most common in renal artery disease
True. bilateral 30%
Renal artery stenosis should be suspected with.....?
Sudden onset or worsening of chronic hypertension
Unexplained renal insufficiency or pulmonary edema
Hypertensive children
What does this waveform suggest?
FMD
true/ false: Second most common renal artery disease, medial fibromuscular dysplasia.
True. it causes string of beads affect (non-atherosclerotic disease affects mid to distal segments)
what is renal-aortic ratio?
normal=< 3.5
occluded = kidney length <8cm
Aorta is evaluated in _______ plane, beginning at the level of _____ _______.
sagittal, ( xiphoid process, <60degrees)
spectral waveforms should be recorded from the level of ____ & ____.
celiac and SMA
in parenchyma, PSV ______ and length _____ consistent with chronic renal artery occlusion
<10 cm/s, <9 cm
What is shown in the image?
FMD
True/ False: Duplex ultrasound is used to detect renal artery stenosis,
*Provides anatomical as well as hemodynamic functional information
*Low cost wo risk of ionizing radiation or use of nephrotoxic contrast agents
True
Compromised flow would result in length difference greater than ___ cm?
1 cm