How did Christians change their beliefs after the Crusades?
Learning about other cultures can make us more tolerant of differences that might exist.
How did Henry II strengthened England’s legal system?
By gaining more territory in France, and practicing trial by jury.
What are four effects of the Crusades?
Muslims kept Control of the Holy Land.Increases trade. Cultural Diffusion. Feudalism declined.
How did the plague affect the Church?
The Church’s prestige was affected in the sense people were expecting help they did not receive.
How did the war affect medieval society?
the late Middle Ages (14TH CENTURY) was one of the darkest moments in history, which indeed affected society a great deal
Why was the Magna Carta important?
The Magna Carta (1215) was the first document to put a limit to the king’s power, and to rule the nobles’ rights. It is the first constitution ever known
Representatives of Church and Emperor meets in Worms (Cause)
Gregory & Henry's successors fought over lay investiture until 1122
What powerful punishments could the Church hand down?
the church could hand down were a denied chance for eternal life in heaven; the church could excommunicate a person and kick them out of the Church.
Henry IV travels to Canossa (Outcome)
Henry waited in the snow for three days, he was re-communicated, and the pope gained even greater victory by humiliating him
Representatives of Church and Emperor meets in Worms (Outcome)
Compromise, the Concordat of Worms
Henry IV travels to Canossa (Cause)
He tried to win the Pope's forgiveness
What were some economic effects of the plague?
The population decreased enormously, and the isolation brought severe economic consequences
How did Louis strengthen the monarchy while weakening feudal ties?
By setting up royal courts in which people could appeal their lords’ decisions.
William the Conqueror invades England. How did this event affect the course of English history?
The Norman Invasion led to political, administrative and social changes that were remarkable
Who invaded England before William the Conqueror?
Danish Vikings invaded England in the 800's. Also William the conqueror after them.
Pope Gregory bans lay investiture (Cause)
The Church began to resent the control the kings had over the clergy, and the Church reformers felt that bishops shouldn't be under the power of the king.
When and how was the Great Schism resolved?
After 39 years, Christians scholars decided that the final religious authority was the Bible.
Where did the plague begin, and how did it spread?
After the Great Famine in the 1300s, a plague called the “Bubonic Plague” or“The Black Death” stroke Europe. The plague in 1347
Why did people support the Crusades?
People supported the Crusades to gain control of Jerusalem and the entire Holy Land.
When and how did the Great Schism begin?
From 1305 to 1378,as consequence of a conflict between the King of France and the previous Pope.
How did the Great Schism affect medieval life?
It was a conflict that affected the Church’s prestige and popularity.
How did Phillip strengthen the central government in France?
By tripling the land under his control. He also made a stronger central government
Lombard League fights Battle of Legnano. (Cause)
Holy Roman Empire slaughtered Italian merchants, angering the Church
What was the new style of church architecture?
Gothic
Name three effects of the plague.
- Trade declined.- Jobless peasants demanded wages for their freedom, and often revolted when their claims were not heard. - The Church lost prestige
Otto invades Italy on pope’s behalf.(Outcome)
Otto was rewarded by being crowned emperor
Pope Gregory bans lay investiture (Outcome)
Henry IV was excommunicated, German bishops sided with the pope.
Why did Henry IV beg Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness?
Because Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him because Henry IV had persuaded his bishops to say that Gregory had no real power
Model Parliament meets during reign of Edward I of England.How was this meeting a major step toward democratic government
Because it was the first time bishops, nobles ad common people attended together
What was the outcome of the war?
The victory of France put an end to the struggle of power and determined the boundaries between the two nations.
How did the kings of France gain more control over their subjects?
By centralizing power
What created the Great Schism?
A conflict of interest between the Pope and King Phillip IV of France. There were two Popes at one point: one was in Avignon, France; and the other, in Rome.
What was the primary reason for the war?
The struggle of power between England and France.
What three practices showed the Church needed reforming?
were the marriage of priests, another was simony (the selling of positions in the Church). And the third problem was the appointment of bishops by kings
What role did Joan of Arc play in the Hundred Years’ War?
She led the Army of France to victory.
Lombard League fights Battle of Legnano. (Outcome)
Church led alliance/ army defeats the Holy Roman Empire
Otto invades Italy on pope’s behalf.(Cause)
Following Charlemagne's footsteps
What happened to the Holy Roman Empire after Frederick I’s death?
the Roman Empire fell apart. It broke up into feudal states. ( didn't unify during the middle ages).
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