Study

echo Chap 13 Part 1

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  • what is the treatment for IE and for how long and prevention.
    Vancomyocin or ampicillin for 4-6weeks of high dose IV antibiotic therapy. after complete therapy, pt should be educated on dental hygiene, prophylaxis need.
  • what are the goals of echo while diagnosing IE.
    *presence, location and size of vegetation. *valve dysfunction. *valve dysfun impact on LV size and systolic func. *other comp (PE...)
  • ________ is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (20-25%) and if left untreated 100% mortality rate.
    IE
  • Complications develop in approx ____% for patients being treated for IE.
    40%
  • Classification of high or low risk include:
    age, clinical status, type, HF, IV drug us Hx
  • these two imaging modalities show promise for the evaluation for IE
    MRI and CT
  • Pathogenesis of IE. (what needs to happen for IE to occur)
    1. Endocardial surface injury 2. Platelet-fibrin-thrombus formation at site of injury 3. Bacterial entry in circulation 4. bacterial adherence to wall
  • How do we diagnose IE. explain steps
    Dukes Criteria: Clinical, Labs and echo findings
  • what are some IE complications.
    *embolization (left: stroke, ischemia, renal failure, right: PE or pneumonia) * Leaflet perforation, flail * acute regurge *tamponade *HF
  • True/false: echo provides anticipated timing of surgical intervention
    True
  • What are the Risk Factors for IE
    *Prosthetic Valve *recent Hx of invasive procedure (25%) *IV abuse *structural or congenital heart disease
  • Infective Endo is defined as a localized infection anywhere on the _________.
    Endocardium.
  • these two imaging modalities show promise for the evaluation for IE
    MRI and CT
  • ____ valve has 3 times more involvement in an emoblic event.
    Mitral valve
  • what are some clinical manifestation of IE?
    unexplained fevers, night sweats, fatigue, weakness, systemic illness, signs of HF
  • IE results from _______ or _______ infection of the endocardial surface of the heart, including valves.
    bacterial or fungal
  • Echo Parameter consistent with risk vegetation size a) <7mm = _____% complication b) >11mm = _____% complication
    a) <10% b) >50%
  • What are clinial ways to identify IE?
    Clinical course (acute or subacute) Host substrate (native valve) Specific infecting Microorganism
  • what would echo findings represent for valvular vegetation
    abnormal echogenic, irregular mass (attached to valve), site of attachment, more chaortic valve motion than normal