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The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

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  • Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones?
    tunica media
  • The endothelium is composed of __________.
    simple squamous epithelium
  • Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the __________.
    capillaries and tissue cells
  • Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as __________.
    vasoconstriction
  • The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the __________.
    kidneys
  • Up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in __________.
    veins
  • Which of the following veins is the longest in the body?
    great saphenous vein
  • The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the __________.
    capillaries
  • The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the __________.
    continuous capillaries
  • Blood from the brain is returned to the heart via the __________.
    superior vena cava
  • The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the __________.
    systemic circulation
  • What is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from superficial to deep?
    tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
  • The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________.
    right atrium
  • When would the capillary beds surrounding the gastrointestinal organs be open?
    when digesting a meal
  • The hepatic portal system collects blood from the __________ and then routes it to the __________.
    GI tract; liver
  • What type of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels?
    muscular arteries
  • Blood flows directly from __________ into capillary beds.
    arterioles
  • The vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction is the __________.
    tunica media
  • Blood flows from the lungs to the __________ via the __________.
    left atrium; pulmonary veins
  • Cardiogenic shock is most likely to result from __________.
    multiple heart attacks
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