Enzymes act by ____________ the amount of activation energy needed in a reaction.
Lowering
A protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions is called a(n) __________________.
enzyme
Olive Oil would be an example of what type of fat/lipid?
Unsaturated Fat
material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together; not chemically combined.
mixture
Carbohydrates are made up of what three elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Name the monomer of a carbohydrate.
Monosaccharide
type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
solution (homogeneous mixture)
Glycogen is an example of a ____________.
carbohydrate
Hemoglobin is an example of a _______________.
protein
Nucleic Acids are important for life because they __________________________.
Store genetic information/hold instructions for making proteins
____________ are special ___________ that speed up or slow down reactions.
Enzymes, lipids
Enzymes, proteins
Proteins, Triglycerides
Triglycerides, lipids
mixture of water with an non-dissolved material
suspension
Which of the following items is NOT a protein type?
none of these
contractile proteins
antibodies
transport proteins
Which of the following would NOT be an example of a monosaccharide?
fructose
none of these
sucrose
glucose
Water sticking to its container would be an example of _____________.
cohesion
heat of vaporization
heat capacity
adhesion
Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
sucrose
glucose
fructose
starch
Name the monomer of a lipid.
triglyceride
Chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
An acid releases what type of ion in solution?
Hydrogen (H+)
A disaccharide is made up of ______________________.
Two monosaccharides
With proteins, _____________ determines its function
none of these
both shape & number of elements
number of elements
shape
A type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared.
Ionic Bond
none of these
Metallic Bond
Covalent Bond
Glucose is an example of a ________________.
Carbohydrate
A(n) _______________ is a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction.
catalyst
polymer
amino acid
monosaccharide
What are the two parts of a solution?
Solute & Sovlent
______________ are weak acids or bases that help neutralize other acids or bases.
Buffers
In a solution, what is the name for the substance that DOES the dissolving?
Solvent
slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.
Van der Waals forces
A base releases what type of ion in solution?
Hydroxide (OH-)
Olive Oil is an example of a ___________.
lipid
Most enzymes end with this suffix.
-ase
The Phospholipid Bilayer is an example of a _______________.
lipid
ATP is an example of a _________________.
nucleic acid
If a substance has a pH of 6.5, this substance would be considered a(n) ________________.
acid
Sucrose is an example of a _________________.
Carbohydrate
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
monomer
elements or compounds produced in a chemical reaction
products
Describe the significance of water having a high heat capacity and a high heat of vaporization for humans.
allows for our bodies to avoid drastic changes in temperature and allows our bodies to cool off when sweating; ultimately allows our bodies to maintain homeosta
___________ are formed by covalent bonds.
ions
atoms
molecules
isotopes
Name the monomer of a protein.
amino acid
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
substrate
A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom is called a _______________.
Hydrogen Bond
Which of the following pairs is unrelated?
DNA - nucleic acid
cellulose - carbohydrate
amino acid - protein
glycogen - lipid
What are the two factors we discussed that influence enzyme activity?
temperature & pH
molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
Polymer
_____________ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino Acids
Energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin is called _____________________.
activation energy
DNA is an example of a ____________.
nucleic acid
Cerumen (earwax) is an example of a ___________.
lipid
Tomato, lemon juice, & apple cider vinegar would all be examples of _________.
acids
Water "sticking" to other water molecules would be an example of ______________________.
cohesion
capillary action
adhesion
heat of vaporization
elements or compounds that participate in a chemical reaction
reactant
Antibodies are an example of ______________.
proteins
A substance with a pH of 14 would be considered a(n) ____________________.
weak acid
strong acid
weak base
strong base
Lipase is an example of a _______________.
protein
Name the monomer of a Nucleic Acid.
nucleotide
Which of the following doesn’t match up the proper monomer with its corresponding macromolecule?
nucleic acid - nucleotide
lipid - amino acid
carbohydrate - monosaccharide
none of these
Which of these examples is NOT made up of proteins?
cellulose
fingernails
enzymes
hair
In a solution, what is the name of the substance that is being dissolved?
solute
Which of the following would be an example of a base?
All of these
Shampoo
Drain Cleaner
Ammonia
Which of the following is NOT an element that can be found in proteins?
carbon
oxygen
none of these
nitrogen
What happens to the electrons in a COVALENT bond?
electrons are shared
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