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3rd - 5th Mega Review!!!

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  • Isosceles
    A triangle with two congruent sides. The angels opposite the two legs are also congruent.
  • Boundary
    Another word for border.
  • infer
    A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
  • The continents have always been in the same location.
    False
  • magma
    the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts; may include mineral crystals
  • Explain how glaciers change the land:
    Glaciers change the land as they slide over it. The scrape up rocks and soil and pile them up into hills. They scoop our rocks and soil to form huge h...
  • puritans
    a group of people who disagreed with the Church of England
  • Battle of San Jacinto
    Texas army lead by Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna and the Mexican army on April 21, 1836. Battle lasted 18 minutes.
  • Texas Revolution
    1835 - 1836, Texan colonists rebelled against the Mexican government. Several battles include the Alamo and San Jacinto
  • Public Works department
    We might not have clean water if it wasn't for this department.
  • Bar Graph
    A type of data display that shows how often something happens using bars to show the data
  • Tea Act
    act said that the only company allowed to sell tea to the colonist would be the East India Company
  • Johnson Space Center
    home of NASA, located in Clear Lake, Tx. mission control for the moon was located here
  • Council
    The group that makes laws
  • Venus
    2nd planet from the sun
  • Beneficial
    Being of use; helpful; favorable
  • Caption
    words written below or next to an illustration that tells what it is about
  • divisor
    the number that divides the dividend
  • Texas Longhorn
    Mascot of the University of Texas, Texas is famous for this breed of cattle.
  • myth
    A traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society.
  • Battle of Saratoga
    often called the turning point in the American Revolution
  • Weathering
    The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
  • inherited behavior
    a set of actions that a living thing is born with and does not need to learn
  • Battle of Goliad
    James Fannin and his army were massacred by the Mexican army on March 27.
  • Timeline
    a text feature that shows important dates and events
  • Battle of Tippecanoe
    a 1811 battle between american soldiers and Tecumsh's soldiers
  • Mexico
    This country (nation) is to the south of Texas
  • Compare
    To find similarities
  • Feeling
    a character's emotions, may change many times throughout the story
  • rock
    a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals or other materials
  • Perspective
    how the character or author sees the events in the story or the topic
  • Legislative Branch
    Branch that makes the laws.
  • How does water cause weathering?
    When water flows into crack or holes in rocks and freezes, the water expands causing the rock to break apart. The movement of waters also wears rock a...
  • pentagon
    5 sided figure
  • mercenaries
    paid soldiers from one country who fight for another country
  • Fossil
    It is any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock.
  • Acute Angle
    . An angle with a measure greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees
  • cytoplasm
    a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
  • Erosion
    Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)
  • Repel
    to force back
  • tally table
    a table that uses tally marks to record data
  • The largest waves in the worlds are called ___________.
    tsunamis
  • rock
    A nonliving material made of one or more minerals.
  • Audie Murphy
    Most decorated US soldier of WW2 from Texas. National Hero
  • Variable
    a letter in the expression that represents a number
  • colony
    a settlement far from the country that governs it
  • Suffixes
    Words or word parts added to the END of a base word to change its meaning or part of speech
  • Barbara Jordan
    First African American women elected to Texas Senate. She was also the first African Amercianfrom "Deep South" elected to US Congress. Served on the N...
  • Earthquake
    The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
  • Fossil
    The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
  • executive branch
    part of the United States government that includes the president
  • author's purpose
    The reason the author has for writing. ( Inform, persuade, express, & entertain)
  • Diagram
    a picture with labels that shows the parts of something or how it works
  • List the ways rocks can be weathered:
    wind, water, plants/animals
  • Author's purpose
    the reason the author wrote the passage or text - to teach, inform, entertain, convince, or persuade the reader
  • magma
    Melted rock that is below the Earth's surface.
  • conflict
    struggle between opposing forces (disagreement/fighting)
  • ecosystem
    a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
  • Mirabeau Lamar
    Commanded the Texas Calvary during Battle of San Jacinto. Second president of Republic of Texas. Father of Texas Education in Texas
  • Foreshadowing
    when the author gives hints about what is going to happen later on in the story
  • Stamp Act
    tax on all newspapers, legal documents, playing cards
  • cotton
    Texas produces more of this crop used for clothing than any other state.
  • Ann Richards
    second female governor of Texas.
  • President Lyndon B Johnson
    US President associated with Civil Rights movement, took over as President when John F Kennedy was assassinated. He was from Stonewall, Texas.
  • compatible numbers
    numbers that are easy to add mentally.
  • Integer
    A counting number or zero
  • Environment
    Noun: The conditions that surround someone or something.
  • theme
    a central idea of a work (the lesson)
  • Equation
    A math sentence relating two equal parts or expressions. 6 + 9 = 15 or 9 +6 = 15
  • checks and balances
    each branch of government checks on the other, the power is balanced between them
  • Bill of Rights
    the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution
  • Quotient
    The result of dividing
  • Ice Age
    period of time when much of the Earth was covered by glaciers
  • Character traits
    qualities that describe a character Ex. Nice, mean, forgiving, playful, shy or funny
  • Protagonist
    the good guy in the story; the main character
  • imply
    to hint
  • Unit Square
    A square with each side 1 unit in length. The area of a unit square is 1 square unit.
  • The Earth is 4.5 billion years old.
    True
  • Octagon
    A polygon with exactly 8 sides
  • evaluate
    Examine and judge carefully.
  • Jamestown
    first permanent settlement
  • 1st Person Point of View
    Told by a character in the story (Me, I, Us, We)
  • Acute Triangle
    A triangle in which all interior angels are acute
  • weathering
    The way rocks are broken down into pieces is called ____________.
  • frequency table
    A table that uses numbers to record data
  • Texas Tea or Black Gold
    nickname for oil, Texas' most important natural resource.
  • The hot melted rock underneath the Earth's plates is called _________.
    magma
  • Factor Pair
    A pair of whole numbers with a product equal to the number under consideration (ex. 2 & 7 are a factor pair of 14)
  • climate
    the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time
  • Opinion
    A personal belief about something. It cannot be proved.
  • Axis
    An imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates
  • adjacent
    two line segments that share a vertex
  • key
    a part of a map or a graph that explains the symbols
  • New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana
    These states border Texas
  • Chronological
    events told in order of time
  • differentiate
    (v.) - to distinguish, to make different
  • neutral
    to not take a side in a fight
  • Order of Operations
    The rules that tell the order math operations (+, -, x, etc.) are done when there is more than one operation.
  • Declaration of Independance
    written by Thomas Jefferson
  • Bluebonnet
    Texas state flower.
  • third person omniscient point of view
    narrator knows everything in the story and reveals the thoughts of all the characters
  • foreshadowing
    A warning or indication of a future event
  • Conclusion
    the end of the story
  • Difference
    The result of subracting
  • metamorphic rock
    rock that forms when the texture and composition of preexisiting rock changes due to heat and pressure.
  • Number Sentence
    A math statement that always has a relation symbol (=, < , >). Example: 2 + 3 = 5. 4 > 5
  • Local government.
    Community and County government are kinds of this.
  • acute triangle
    3 acute angles (less than 90°)
  • dividend
    The number that is to be divided in a division problem
  • Hexagon
    A polygon with exactly 6 sides
  • Pentagon
    A polygon with exactly 5 sides.
  • Amarillo
    Largest city in the Texas Panhandle. Means 'yellow' in Spanish.
  • Resolution
    the solution; what solves the problem
  • Metamorphic
    A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
  • multiply
    to combine equal groups to find how many in all; the opposite operation of division
  • Habitat
    Noun: The place or type of place where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives or grows.
  • President George W Bush
    43rd President of US in 2001-2009Governor of Texas in 1995 - 2000. Owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team
  • bladder
    elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body
  • Multiple
    A number that is divisible by another number with no remainder. (ex. 3,6,9,12, 15 are all multiples of 3)
  • Mars
    4th planet from the sun
  • river
    a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)
  • judicial branch
    part of government that includesJ
  • parallel line segments
    two or more line segments that run side by side and NEVER intersect
  • March 2
    Texas Independence Day.
  • By having school boards to make decisions and solve school's problems
    Our government makes sure that children get good education by having this
  • Message
    a lesson or moral of the story, the theme, what the author wants you to learn
  • An _______ can be formed by a volcano erupting under the ocean floor until itfinally comes about the surface.
    island
  • Line Plot
    A graph where the data are single points on a number line and how often something happens is shown by dots or x's. Unless stated, each dot or x stands...
  • Perpendicular
    Two lines or segments that intersect to form at least one right angle
  • Values
    the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live
  • Hardness
    Measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
  • textual evidence
    supporting a statement with information from text (evidence)
  • right atrium
    the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
  • Sam Houston
    First President of the Republic of Texas, Commander of the Texas Army, Hero of San Jacinto, First governor of the state of Texas. US Senator for state...
  • zero property of multiplication
    the property that states that the product of zero and any number is zero
  • chronological
    Arranged in order of time of occurrence
  • repeal
    means to cancel
  • Events
    things that happen in a story
  • Absorb
    to soak up or take in
  • House of Burgessess
    group of elected officials to help make the laws in Jamestown,beginning of self government for the English colonies
  • rain forest
    a forest region located in the Tropical Zone with a heavy concentration of different species of broadleaf trees.
  • heart
    the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs
  • Text
    the actual words in a book or passage, or another name for a reading passage
  • equilateral triangle
    all three sides are congruent
  • heading
    a line of text that says what the passage below it is about
  • first person point of view
    the narrator is a character in the story and used words like I, me, we
  • Plate tectonics
    It explains that the earth is divided into pieces
  • volume
    the amount of space an object takes up
  • Problem & Solution Writing
    The author identifies and describes a problem and then offers one or more possible solutions.
  • Subtitle
    a longer title that tells what the book or article is about with more details
  • A _______ occurs whenever magma from deep inside the earth comes out through a crack in the surface.
    volcano
  • Heptagon
    A polygon with exactly 7 sides
  • estimate
    to make a guess of how much there is by rounding.
  • Decagon
    A polygon with exactly 10 sides
  • Wampanoag
    helped the Pilgrims make a peace treaty
  • Factor
    A number that is multiplied
  • Place Value
    The value of the place a digit is in, in a number. This is not the same as the value of the digit. Example: In the number 120. The 2 is in the ten's p...
  • perspective
    a way of thinking about situations or topics
  • Nolan Ryan
    from Alvin, TX. played baseball from the Houston Astros and Texas Rangers. Famous pitcher for his fast ball.
  • Fiction
    a story made up out of the author's imagination
  • Sales Tax
    Is the extra money that we all pay each time we buy something.
  • oxygen
    What leaves plants?
  • media
    the various methods of communicating information(the internet, social apps, newspapers, magazines, tv)
  • Mayor
    The leader of a city or town is called.
  • round
    to replace a number with another number to estimate
  • fort
    a small strong building for soliders
  • Attribute
    trait, characteristic
  • respiratory system
    the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide
  • Townshend Acts
    taxes on tea, paper, glass, wool, lead, paints
  • Fraction
    A ratio of two numbers. It is written in the form a/b. (b cannot = 0)
  • climax
    The climax or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension or drama or when the action starts in which the solution is given.
  • artery
    a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
  • right ventricle
    lower right heart chamber
  • Whole Numbers
    A counting number or zero
  • Austin
    It is the capital of Texas, and the University of Texas is located her. Named after the "Father of Texas"
  • Sum
    The result of adding
  • The Supreme Court Building
    This building represents the Judicial branch.
  • Sequence
    The order of events listed step by stepKey words: First, then, next, afterwards
  • Cause & Effect Writing
    The reason something happens and the result of it happening.
  • consumer
    a living thing that gets energy by eating plants and other animals
  • Antagonist
    the bad guy or villain in the story
  • Product
    The answer to a problem when you multiply one or more numbers.
  • Mayflower Compact
    written agreement made among the pilgrims on board the Mayflower
  • sequencing
    Placing information, concepts, and actions in order
  • rectangle
    2 pairs of parallel sides, 2 pairs of opposite sides that are the same length, 4 right angles
  • Parish
    The name given by the Catholic Church to the local governments in the state of Louisiana when the region was under the Spanish rule.
  • conclude (conclusion)
    To decide something after considering all of the information
  • Dallas
    Part of the Metroplex. Home to the Dallas Cowboys. It hosts the Texas State Fair.
  • Theme
    the lesson about life the author wants you to learn from the story
  • Judicial Branch
    Branch that decides if laws are fair and being carried out correctly.
  • Reflect
    A transformation that "flips" a figure over a mirror or reflection line.
  • Circumference
    The distance around the outside of a circle.
  • Big Bend National Park
    Texas wilderness of 700,000 acres. The Chalk, Chisos, and Christmas Mountains are located here.
  • War Hawks
    a group of people in congress who wanted to go to war with Britain in 1812
  • Factor
    A whole number that can divide another whole number with no remainder (left over). Example: 1, 3, 5, 15 are all factors of 15.
  • Executive Branch
    This branch has elected leaders who manage their area of either Country, State or City
  • Cynthia Ann Parker
    She was captured by the Comanche Indians. Called the " White Comanche". Her son Quanah Parker became a famous Indian leader
  • Array
    A rectangular arrangement of objects or number. All rows are the same length and all columns are the same length.
  • Governor
    A state leader that is elected by the people is called this.
  • difference
    The answer to a subtraction problem. It means to take away.
  • horizontal bar graph
    A bar graph in which the bars go across from left to right
  • Tax
    Is money that we citizens pay to run our community government and provide us services.
  • inverse operations
    opposite operations that cancel each other. Addition and subtraction - Multiplication and division.
  • House of Burgess
    1619- The Virginia House of Burgess formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.
  • herbivore
    plant eater
  • sediment
    small pieces of weathered rock such as gravel, sand, or pebbles
  • swamp
    a wetland ecosystem in which trees and vines grow
  • Volume
    . The amount of space that is in a 3-D shape. Called cubic units
  • right angle
    an angle that measures exactly 90 degrees
  • Volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains are made by faults.
    False
  • width
    how wide a figure measures
  • Climax
    the most exciting part of the story
  • Function
    A relation in which each input value is directly associated with exactly one output value
  • deposition
    the process of depositing (dropping) sediment
  • Spindle Top
    Located in Beaumont this oil field started the biggest economic "boom" in Texas history
  • outer planets
    The four large, gaseous planets farthest from the sun.
  • Power
    An exponent
  • Fact
    A true statement that can be proved.
  • Solar Energy
    energy from the sun
  • cell
    (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
  • Evidence
    details or facts from the story that helps to prove an idea
  • Paul Revere
    rode through the towns of Lexington and Concord shouting " the British are coming"
  • Author's Purpose
    Why the author wrote the story Ex: Persuade, Inform, or Entertain
  • Judicial Branch, Executive Branch and Legislative Branch
    The three branches of government.
  • narrative poem
    a poem that tells a story
  • Perimeter
    The distance around the outside of a closed, 2-D shape.
  • When large plates get caught, pressure and energy builds up. When thatpressure and energy are release an __________ occurs.
    earthquake
  • Heading
    the name of a section, tells what it is going to mostly be about
  • clarify
    to make clear or easier to understand
  • Government Services
    Is work that is done by the government for everyone in a city or town
  • conductors
    the people who aided the runaway slave on their way north
  • Equilateral Triangle
    A triangle where all the sides are the same length and all the angles are the 60 degrees.
  • interpret
    to explain the meaning of
  • Dividend
    When dividing one number by another, the number that is being divided. Example: 24 - 6 = 24 is the dividend
  • Mocking Bird
    Texas state bird. It imitates other birds, or other noises including a dog bark, or jack hammer
  • right triangle
    has a right angle (one angle is 90°)
  • Capitol buildings.
    State lawmakers meet in these buildings.
  • mitochondria
    The part of the cell that converts food to energy.
  • preamble
    Thomas Jefferson wrote the beginning of the Declaration Independance
  • sensory imagery
    Language that evokes images and triggers memories in the reader of the five senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
  • Congruent
    Exactly the same length.
  • distributive property
    The property that states that multiplying a sum by a number is the same as multiplying each addend by the number and then adding the products
  • rock cycle
    the process by which one rock type changes into another rock type
  • militia
    a volunteer army
  • Pieces of rock, called ________ make up continents and ocean floors
    plates
  • The Alamo
    Located in San Antonio. Where 187 brave men were killed by the Mexican Army. Also known as Mission San Antonio de Valero.
  • boomtown
    a city that grows in quickly in population because of a certain industry, often gold
  • desert
    an extremely dry area with little water and few plants
  • rock cycle
    the process by which one rock type changes into another rock type
  • photosynthesis
    The way plants make their own food
  • Volcanic Eruption
    The sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material.phr. an explosion which causes burning rocks to be thrown out of a volcano
  • Regular Polygon
    A polygon in which all sides are congruent and all angles are congruent. (ex. Squares are regular polygons)
  • Second Continental Congress
    agreed to create a armyrepresentatives from each of the 13 coloniesLed by George Washington
  • Line
    An straight set of points that goes on for infinity or forever.
  • related facts
    A fancy name for fact family
  • context
    Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.root
  • Sun
    a typical and average star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system
  • Ray
    A part of a line that has one endpoint and continues infinitely in one direction.
  • Church of England
    national religion of England
  • Lost Colony/ Roanoke
    the first settlement in north america
  • Triangle
    A polygon with exactly 3 sides, 3 angles, and 3 vertices.
  • parallelism
    Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other
  • phloem
    Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.
  • Chronological Writing
    Presented in time order, from earliest to latest.
  • Boston Tea Party
    group of colonists dressed as Indians through all the tea in the harbor
  • urinary system
    the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine
  • inner planets
    the planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
  • opposite
    two line segments that do not share a vertex and are on opposite sides of the poloygon
  • Point
    A point is usually shown with a single dot and labeled with a capital letter. It has no dimensions.
  • eukaryates
    a organism made up of cell's that have a nucleus enclosed by membrane eukaryotic include protists, animals, plants and fungi but not archaea or bacter...
  • Rotation
    The spinning motion of a planet on its axis
  • food chain
    a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
  • xylem
    the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants
  • Pictograph
    A chart that uses pictures to show numbers of things being graphed.
  • acute angle
    an angle measuring less than 90 degrees
  • Figurative Language
    a phrase that means something different that what is actually being said; ex: sarcasm, "as big as a house", exaggeration
  • genre
    a kind of literary or artistic work
  • Cleavage
    Breaking apart along flat surfaces
  • divide
    to separate into equal groups; the opposite operation of multiplication
  • complexity
    involving a lot of different but connected parts in a way that is difficult to understand
  • erosion
    the process of moving weathered rock from one place to another
  • Nonagon
    A polygon with exactly 9 sides
  • straight angle
    an angle that measures exactly 180 degrees
  • County Seat
    The city or town in which the county's leaders meet.
  • lava
    Melted rock that flows onto land.
  • linear plot
    A plot that has a distinctive begining, middle, and end, and is composed of five identifiable parts: introduction, rising action, climax, falling acti...
  • coral reef
    A structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water.
  • Rhombus
    . A parallelogram with all sides congruent.
  • visual technique
    Develop a picture to represent each major concept(what is the movie playing in your head?)
  • product
    the answer of a multiplication problem
  • Opinion
    what someone thinks about something, can be supported, but cannot be proven right or wrong (best, worst, better, greatest, etc)
  • Expanded Form
    A whole or decimal number written as the sum or single-digit multiples of powers of 10. (ex. 735.2 = 700+30+5+.02)
  • grassland
    land where grass or grasslike vegetation grows and is the dominant form of plant life
  • Manifest Destiny
    belief that America was destined to expand to the Pacific, and possibly into Canada and Mexico
  • sink
    warm air and cold air_____.
  • Nonfiction
    writing that is facts, about real people or things; biographies, informational writing
  • symbolism
    A device in literature where an object represents an idea.
  • Indian removal act
    the United States government action that forcibly moved indians to lands west
  • paraphrase
    A restatement of a text or passage in other words.
  • Demonstrates
    tells or shows
  • General Santa Anna
    Mexican dictator during Texas Revolution
  • Plot
    the events in a story
  • Vertex
    A point where lines, rays, or line segments meet.
  • Tobacco
    cash crop
  • Houston
    It is the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest in the USA. It is the largest port in Texas. It was the first capital city of Texas.Home to 201...
  • adages
    A short saying that expresses a general truth about human nature.
  • tone
    Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character
  • (between 0 and 90 degrees)
    ...
  • rectangular prism
    a prism that has rectangular bases
  • Population
    A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
  • Coolest Teacher
    Mrs.Brown
  • Dialogue
    the spoken text between characters
  • picture graph
    a graph that uses pictures to show and compare information
  • metamorphic rock
    rock that forms when the texture and composition of preexisiting rock changes due to heat and pressure.
  • face
    any of the surfaces of a 3-D figure
  • associative property of multiplication
    the property that states that when the grouping of factors is changed, the product remains the same
  • parallel lines
    2 lines that will never intersect if continued on
  • King Ranch
    Largest cattle ranch in Texas. 825,000 acres. Located in Kingsville, TX near Corpus Christi.
  • Sequence
    when events or steps are in order
  • Articles of confederation
    the United States plan of government that was used from 1781-1789
  • Erosion
    __________ is the movement of weathered rock and soil.
  • forced migration
    a large group of people who are forced to move from one place to live to another place to live
  • Base
    A number raised to a power
  • Angles
    . The inclination between intersecting lines
  • microorganism
    microscopic animal or plant
  • perpendicular line segments
    two line segments that intersect at a right angle (90 degree)
  • Rio Grande River
    It forms the southern border between Texas and Mexico. It starts in Colorado and empties into the Gulf of Mexico
  • John Adams
    He argued against the Stamp Act and was involved in various patriot groups. As a delegate from Massachusetts, he urged the Second Continental Congress...
  • Battle of Gonzales
    Nick-named "the Lexington and Concord of Texas". Had a white flag with "Come and Take it" written on it.
  • Parallel Lines
    Two or more lines that lie in the same plane and do not intersect.
  • left ventricle
    lower left heart chamber (think opposite left and right)
  • Detail
    smaller facts or events in the story that may support the main idea
  • Inference
    use background knowledge & context clues to make an educated guess
  • vacuole
    a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
  • Decimal Notation
    A number written with base 10 place values that a smaller than one. (ex. 0.25, 25.624)
  • sound technique
    control the sound of the poem
  • cell membrane
    a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
  • When plates converge together it can form ____________.
    mountains
  • El Paso
    this is the largest city located on the US and Mexico border.
  • Numerator
    The dividend in a fraction or ratio OR The top number in a fraction or ratio. Example: In 7/8, 7 is the numerator.
  • Contrast
    to find differences
  • Minerals
    A nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil; needed by the body in small amounts.Inorganic compounds essential for normal metabolism, growth and...
  • Middle Colonies
    part agriculture, part industrialNew York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delware
  • summarize
    verb - briefly retelling in your own words the main ideas and most important details
  • Title
    the name of a book or article
  • trapezoid
    at least 1 pair of parallel sides
  • Point of View
    the character who is telling the story, what someone thinks about the topic or the events
  • Property Tax
    Is money paid by people who own land and buildings
  • Mood
    how the story makes you (the reader) feel
  • Venn Diagram
    A diagram made of two or more circles that shows the relationship between two sets of data.
  • Jane Lon
    Mother of Texas. Part of Stephen F Austin's Old 300 colonists.
  • Magnetism
    the force of repulsion (pushing) or attraction (pulling) between poles of magnets
  • Two plates moving apart are known as a divergent boundary.
    True
  • Prime Number
    A whole number greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself. (ex. 7 is prime - the only factors are 1 and 7
  • polygon
    a 2D figure with at least 3 closed straight lines.
  • Parks and recreation department
    This department offers special programs in the summer for children to enjoy.
  • electoral college
    the body that elects the president of the United States
  • Community (Local) Government
    Public schools and libraries are the responsibility of this level of government.
  • shot heard around the worls
    first gunshot of American Revolution
  • Photograph
    a picture of something real that is taken with a camera
  • Composite Number
    A whole number greater than 1 that is not a prime number
  • Illustration
    any type of picture or diagram
  • length
    how long a figure measures
  • plot
    Sequence of events in a story
  • Attract
    To pull togetherto draw something to yourself (like magnets)
  • kite
    2 pairs of adjacent sides that are the same length
  • Characteristic
    trait, attribute
  • Boston Massacre
    pushed the colonists closer to war, British soldiers shot into a crowd and killed 5 colonists
  • Anson Jones
    Last President of the Republic of Texas.
  • Trait
    a word to describe a character's personality, usually does not change
  • Contradict
    to go against
  • Mariam (MA) Ferguson
    First woman governor of Texas in 1925. Elected after her husband was impeached. She took a stand against racism and she cut taxes. She was re-elected...
  • perpendicular lines
    2 lines that intersect to create a right angle
  • Parallelogram
    Four sided, closed shape where opposite sides are the same length.
  • vein
    a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart (blue)
  • tariff
    tax placed on goods that are imported
  • Motivation
    why a character acts the way they do, what they want
  • cash crop
    crop grown for profit
  • Lone Star
    On the state flag of Texas, and the nickname of Texas
  • Legislative Branch
    The town or city council of your community is part of this branch.
  • digestive system
    the system that makes food absorbable into the body
  • amendent
    something that is added to the orginal
  • hexagon
    6 sided figure
  • 3rd Person Point of View
    Told by a narrator NOT in the story(He, She, They, Them, Character Name)
  • glucose
    water + sunlight + CO2 = ?
  • caption
    a title or short description of a picture
  • Setting
    when and where the story takes place
  • capillaries
    the smallest blood vessels which connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins. Nourishment and fluid noramlly trapped in thick walled arterie...
  • Digital Time
    Time shown on a digital clock. Hours, minutes, and seconds are separated by :. Example: 11:03:20 = 11 hours, 3 minutes, 20 seconds
  • equation
    A number sentence that uses the equal sign to show that two amounts are equal
  • Keep streets and water clean and collect garbage
    Two examples of jobs that the public works department performs are these.
  • Description Writing
    writing to describe
  • French and Indian War
    fought over control of Ohio River ValleyBritain gained more land in North AmericaBritain go control of land that belong to Native AmericansBritain imp...
  • Local, State and National
    The three levels of government
  • streak
    a marking of a different color or texture from the background
  • Conestoga Wagon
    a type of covered wagon
  • mohs hardness scale
    a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals
  • glacier
    slow moving river of ice
  • Patrick Herny
    lawyer who made a speech to King George III that said Britain had to right to tax the colonistSaid " give me liberty, or give me death"
  • United States Constitution
    a government document that tells exactly what each branch of government is allowed to do
  • Specials jobs and responsbilities
    Community, state and national levels of governments make laws and collect taxes, but each level has its own
  • Compare
    telling how two or more things are alike or different
  • Narrator
    the person telling the story
  • cube
    A prism with six square faces
  • chloroplast
    plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments
  • Leg (of an Isosceles Triangle)
    Each of the two congruent sides of an isosceles triangle
  • boycott
    to refuse to buy something to express disapproval or create change
  • obtuse triangle
    has an obtuse angle (greater than 90°)
  • intolerable
    unacceptable
  • circulatory system
    The human body system that contians the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It delivers all the nutrients to the cells
  • Streak
    the color of a mineral's powder
  • deoxyribonucleic acid
    (DNA) nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
  • __________ are when soil and rock collapse and fall down a hill ormountainside.
    Landslides
  • Capitol
    The building name in a capital city in which lawmakers meet.
  • Square
    . A parallelogram with all sides and angles equal. A square is also a rectangle and a rhombus
  • array
    objects arranged in rows and columns
  • Northwest Territory
    an area of land that became Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin
  • State Government
    Which level of government includes a governor elected by the people.
  • Right Triangle
    A triangle in which an interior angle is a right angle
  • beliefs
    specific ideas that people hold to be true
  • Atantic Slave Trade
    the business of forcing Africans to the colonies in North and South America to work
  • Setting
    when and where the story takes place
  • Imagery/Sensory Language
    words that create pictures, or images in your mind. They use details about smells, sounds, colors, and taste to create strong images.
  • convey
    to carry or transmit; to communicate
  • Orbit
    The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
  • igneous rock
    A rock that forms when melted rock cools and hardens.
  • Senora Francisca Alvarez
    Known as the "Angel of Goliad" for hiding some of the wounded Texas soldiers from the Mexican army
  • lyrical poem
    A poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of a speaker.
  • Continental drift
    Theory that the continents slowly moved over Earth's surface.
  • scalene triangle
    no sides are congruent (have the same length)
  • Narrator
    the person/thing telling the story
  • Suspense
    A feeling of uncertainty and curiosity about what will happen next in a story
  • factor
    the number that is multiplied by another number to find a product
  • Texas Rangers
    law men that rode across Texas trying to keep law and order. Now part of the Texas Department of Public Safety.
  • Passage
    a reading passage, usually less than two pages
  • Obtuse Angle
    An angle with a measure greater than 90 and less than 180 degrees.
  • ratify
    to approve
  • indentured servant
    a person who agrees to work for free for a certain period of time in return for their freedom
  • luster
    the way a mineral reflects light
  • Organism
    A living thing
  • Monroe Doctrine
    policy made by President Monroe that declared1823 - Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any at...
  • producer
    organisms that make their own food
  • Parentheses
    Two curved lines used to enclose a quantity ( )
  • Character
    the people or animals the story is about
  • Sum
    The answer to a problem when you add two or more numbers.
  • multiple
    A number that is the product of two counting numbers
  • List the three ways rock can be weathered
    wind, water, plants/animals
  • backcountry
    the land that was close to the Apalachian Mountains
  • Charge
  • commutative property of multiplication
    the property that states that you can multiply two factors in any order and get the same product
  • Subtrahend
    An expression that is subtracted from another expression. (ex. 20 -11=18 11 is the subtrahend)
  • Polygon
    A closed 2-D shape. Each side is a line segment and intersects exactly two other sides. Each point of intersection creates a vertex or point.
  • Earth
    3rd planet from the sun (home)
  • nucleus
    a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
  • Virginia company
    businessmen wanted to set up a new colony in Virginia to see if there were any resources to make them money
  • Jupiter
    the largest planet and the 5th from the sun
  • quadrilateral
    a 4 sided figure
  • Thomas Jefferson
    wrote the Declaration of Independence
  • isosceles triangle
    at least two sides that are congruent
  • high desert
    the area for trading and finding minerals
  • order of operations
    a set of rules that give you the order in which calculations should be doneA
  • Igneous
    A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
  • obtuse angle
    an angle measuring greater than 90 degrees
  • equal groups
    groups that have the same number of objects
  • forty-niners
    people who came to california in 1849 in search of gold
  • Least Common Denominator
    The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions. (ex. The least common denominator of ¼ and 3/10 is 20)
  • Unit Price
    The price a single item or unit. (ex. $3.50 per pound)
  • rising action
    events leading up to the climax
  • Map
    a text feature that shows places
  • Gulf of Mexico
    All of southeast Texas borders this body of water. The cities of Galveston, Corpus Christi, and Padre Island touch its shores.
  • symbiosis
    relationship in which two species live closely together
  • tundra
    a vast, level, treeless plain in the arctic regions. The ground beneath the surface of the tundras is frozen even in summeril
  • Chronological
    in order by time, first, next, then, later, last
  • analyze
    A type of thinking. To determine various component parts and examine their nature and relationship.
  • Homophone
    a word that has the same sound but a different meaning as another word
  • Number Line
    A graph that shows real numbers as ordered points on a line starting with 0. It can go in a positive or negative direction.
  • Summary
    a retelling of the most important parts of the story
  • Federalist
    a person who believed that the new United States needed a strong central government
  • Author's Point of View/Perspective
    the author's attitude toward the subject
  • Face
    A 2-D figure (also called a plane figure) that is one side of a 3-D figure. Example: A pyramid (3-D) sits on a square (2-D) face.
  • shrub
    a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches
  • cellulose
    hard, nonliving material that makes up the cell wall of a plant cell
  • factual claim
    a claim that something is true; a claim that evidence or reasons are being presented
  • carnivore
    Meat eater
  • Label
    words on a diagram that show parts of something
  • Uranus
    7th planet from the sun
  • Quadrilateral
    A polygon with exactly 4 sides.
  • Expression
    A mathematical phrase with numbers and symbols
  • square
    2 pairs of parallel side, 4 sides that are congruent, 4 right angles.
  • Average or Mean
    The number found by dividing the sum of a set of numbers by the total amount of numbers added.
  • Right Angle
    An angle that measures exactly 90 degrees
  • minutemen
    members of the militia who were ready to fight with only a moments notice
  • First Continental Congress
    important meeting between all the colonies, 12 met in Philadelphia, included George Washington, Patrick Henry, John Adams, Samuel Adams
  • scavenger
    a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms
  • President George HW Bush
    41st President of US from Houston, TX. He was also the Vice President under Ronald Reagan in 1981 - 1989. Director of CIA in 1976-1977.
  • DNA
    (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix
  • Tally Chart
    A table or chart in which tally marks (instead of numbers or pictures) are used to record data.
  • Pecan Tree
    Texas state tree. Pecan pie
  • Cause
    what happens first and makes something else happen
  • line plot
    a graph that records each piece of data on a number line
  • Lesson
    something that can be learned, usually about life
  • Fort Worth
    The Trinity River flows through the center of this Texas city. Its nickname "Cowtown". Also part of the Metroplex
  • free verse poem
    a poem that has no definite rhyme and structure
  • exposition
    A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances.
  • patriot
    colonist who supported the cause of independence
  • Analog Time
    Time shown on a traditional two or three hand clock. The wall clock in the classroom shows analog time.
  • line segment
    a line with two end points
  • decomposer
    organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter
  • pioneers
    people who are the first to settle in a region
  • Commutative Property
    (Addition and Multiplication ONLY) The property that says the order of adding or multiplying the numbers does not make a difference. a + b = b + a
  • Order of Operations
    A set of rules for simplifying numerical expressions
  • Infer
    using text details and background knowledge to figure out information that isn't "right there' in the words on the page.
  • Divisor
    The number by which another number is divided. (ex. 24 divided by 6 6 is the divisor)
  • low desert
    the are for hunting and cemeteries (west side)
  • Saturn
    6th planet from the sun
  • left atrium
    the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins
  • Line Segment
    A part of a line with two endpoints, one on each end
  • Budget
    plan for spending money
  • Proprietary coloniesNew York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,New Jersey
    meant to make money for the stockholder( person who owned the colony)
  • omnivore
    an animal that eats both plants and animals
  • intolerable acts
    in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried e...
  • Equivalent
    Two or more math statements that have the same value. 2 + 9 and 10 + 1 both = 11. They are equivalent
  • Theme
    the overall message of the story
  • Sons of Liberty
    Samuel Adams organized a group of men to protest the Stamp Act
  • third person limited point of view
    the narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character
  • food web
    (ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
  • Fact
    something that can be proven true or false
  • Prefixes
    words or word parts added to the BEGINNING of a base word to make a new word
  • Analyze
    to break apart a section of text to better understand it
  • second person point of view
    The narrator tells the story using the pronouns "You", "Your," and "Yours" to address a reader or listener directly
  • Phrase
    more than one word, but less than a sentence
  • magma
    the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts; may include mineral crystals
  • base
    the bottom of a 3-D figure; length x width
  • Conflict
    the problem in the story
  • Idiom
    A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.
  • understory
    Below the canopy, a second layer of shorter trees and vines
  • The money they collect from taxes
    Community governments pay for services with the money from this.
  • text feature
    parts of the text that help the reader find and learn information (ex:charts, bulleted lists, tables, captions, headings, etc.)
  • rhombus
    2 pairs of parallel sides, 4 sides that are the same length
  • Park and recreation
    This department of government provides these programs to help us citizens enjoy ourselves.
  • Battle of Lexington and Concord
    marked the beginning of the Revolution
  • Corpus Christi
    The famous King Ranch is located near this Gulf Coast city. It is the second busiest port in Texas.
  • Identity property of Multiplication
    The property that states that the product of any number and 1 is that number
  • William B Travis
    Hero of the Alamo. Became the leader of the men who decided to stay and fight. Wrote famous, "Victory or Death" letter.
  • Public Works
    Department of a community government that provides services to meet day to day needs like Sanitation or Clean water supply.
  • Exponent
    A number that tells how many times another number (the base) is used as a factor
  • Effect
    what happens after the cause, the result of something
  • Compare & Contrast
    Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
  • point of view
    the perspective from which a story is told
  • Main Idea
    the big idea - what and what about it
  • Area
    The measure, in square units, of the interior of a plane figure
  • Battle of Bunker Hill
    first major battle fought in Revolution
  • North Pole
    the northernmost point of the Earth's axis90 degrees north latitude
  • Degree
    A unit of measure for the inclination of an angle.
  • analogy
    A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way
  • prokarytes
    single celled organism with no organized nucleus
  • Battle of Yorktown
    ended the Revolutionary War
  • Vertical Bar Graph
    a bar graph in which the bars go up from bottom to top
  • Southern Colonies
    mostly agricultureVirginia, Maryland, North Carolina,South Carolina, Georgia
  • Recreation
    Is any activity, hobby or sport done for enjoyment after work
  • Figure
    Also called a shape
  • delegate
    a representative of a state
  • Plane
    A shape with no dimensions- no length, width, or height. Examples: An infinitely thin sheet of flat glass that goes in all directions forever.
  • immigrate
    a person from one country who goes to live in another country
  • instinct
    a behavior that an organism inherits
  • Pluto
    Name this dwarf planet
  • Antonym
    words that mean the opposite
  • canopy
    dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees
  • Problem
    usually the problem of the main character, what they want or are struggling against
  • antonym
    a word that means the opposite of another word
  • Sabine River
    this river is the border between Texas and Louisiana
  • Denominator
    The divisor in a ratio or fraction or The bottom number in a fraction or ratio. Example: In 7/8, 8 is the denominator.
  • President Dwight D. Eisenhower
    From Dennison, Texas. He was a general during WW2. 34th President
  • December 29, 1845
    Texas became a state.
  • chlorophyll
    a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
  • pattern
    An ordered set of numbers or objects in which the order helps you predict what will come next
  • frontier
    the unsettled part of a country
  • sedimentary rock
    rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together.
  • The Mier Expedition
    Texan were captured in Mexico. The men had to draw beans out of a cup. Those who drew and white bean were spared, but those who drew a black bean were...
  • Learned Behavior
    a behavior an animal learns from its parents
  • Comparison
    when two or more things are being compared as having things the same or different
  • band wagon
    an argument saying in effect that becuase other people are doing something, you should too
  • Plot
    the important events in a story, including the problem and solution
  • Product
    The result of multiplying
  • James Bowie
    Texas pioneer, fought and died at the Alamo, invented the Bowie Knife
  • Olive Branch
    letter written to King George asking for more freedom for the colonist
  • third person objective point of view
    outside narrator records events without discussing character motivation or knowing what characters are thinking
  • Solution
    when the problem of the story gets solved or the character learns to think about it a different way
  • stanza
    a group of lines in a poem
  • sedimentary rock
    rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together.
  • Sedimentary
    A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented togetherRock formed when layer...
  • Label the three layers of the Earth:
    crust, core, mantle
  • Scalene Triangle
    A triangle in which no sides are congruent . They are all different lengths.
  • South Pole
    90 degrees Souththe southernmost point of the Earth's axis
  • Capitol Building
    This building represents the Legislative Branch
  • parallelogram
    2 pairs of parallel side, 2 pairs of opposite sides that are the same length
  • Associative Property
    (Addition and Multiplication ONLY) The property that says the grouping of addends or factors does not make a difference. (a+b)+c = (b+c)+a
  • suspense
    Technique that keeps the reader guessing what will happen next
  • Fault
    A crack in the earth's crust.
  • Line of Symmetry
    A line that divides a figure into two congruent mirror images of each other
  • Quotient
    The answer to a problem when you divide one number by another number.
  • Red River
    This river separates Texas from Oklahoma. Gets it name from its color which is caused by its soil
  • quotient
    the number that results from dividing.
  • Declaration of Independence
    a document that explained what the colonists believed in and why they wanted to be independent of British rule
  • falling action
    Events after the climax, leading to the resolution
  • separatists
    people who wanted to break away from or separate from the Church of England
  • Treaty of Paris
    marked the official end of the war
  • weathering
    the process of wearing down or breaking down rocks into smaller pieces
  • David Burnett
    Ad interim president of the Republic of Texas government, Signed Treaty of Velasco
  • vertex (vertices)
    Where 2 or more lines intersect, corner (plural)
  • Continental Army
    army made up of soldiers from the thirteen colonies
  • height
    how tall a figure measures
  • Stephen F. Austin
    Father of Texas, brought Anglo-Americans to settle in Texas. Old 300, Texas state capital is named after him.
  • San Antonio
    The Battle of the Alamo took place here. Third largest city in Texas.
  • igneous rock
    rock that forms from the cooling of magma
  • Exponential Form
    A number written with an exponent
  • textual connection
    connecting your thoughts to the text (what does it remind you of?)
  • Leg (of a Right Triangle)
    Each of the two sides that form the right angle in a right triangle
  • place value
    the value of each digit in a number, based on the location of the digit
  • text structure
    how the information within a written text is organized
  • resolution
    End of the story where loose ends are tied up
  • idioms
    Words/phrases not same literal meaning as words composed of (example: ts raining cats and dogs)
  • diamond
    What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
  • Supports
    helps to backup an idea, evidence
  • Suzanne Dickenson
    Santa Anna released her and her baby from the Alamo to tell Sam Houston about the defeat.
  • Adjacent Angles
    Two angles with a common side and a common vertex but no overlap
  • precipitation
    the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)
  • side
    a side of a figure, a line segment that intersects two other line segments at vertices
  • Neptune
    8th planet from the sun
  • Contrast
    telling how two or more things are different
  • Mercury
    closest planet to the sun
  • Addend
    A number or expression that is added to another number or expression
  • synonym
    A word that means the same as another word
  • legislative branch
    part of the government that includes the senate and the House of Representatives
  • California Gold Rush
    a period of time between 1849 and 1860 when thousands of people from around the world came to find gold and strike it rich
  • 3-D
    three dimensionalhaving height, width, and depth
  • Intolerable Acts
    *rules that sent more British soldiers to Boston*colonist had to let soldiers stay in their home and feed them*no ships were allowed to enter or leave...
  • landslide
    a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff
  • synonym
    words that mean the same thing