Luther defended the universal priesthood, in which all baptised people are priests. True or false?
True
To facilitate trade and payments.
The bourgeoisie.
Why were bills of exchange created?
To facilitate trade and payments.
What happened to the banking system in the mid-15th century?
It grew.
What kind of monarchy appeared at the beginning of the modern age?
The authoritarian monarchy.
What caused the increase in land cultivation and greater crop yield?
A rise in demand.
In the 95 theses, Luther condemned the wealth of the Church, denied the value of indulgences and advocated a new religion. True or false?
True
Luther believed in salvation through faith; only faith in God could lead to eternal salvation. True or false?
True
It was started in Switzerland by John Calvin. It spread to France (Huguenots) and England (Puritans). In Scotland, John Knox founded the Presbyterian Church.
Calvinist church
The Lutheran doctrine denied the sovereignty of the Pope, removed religious orders and the worship of images and reduced the sacraments to two. True or false?
True
the reform process carried out by the Catholic Church to stop the spread of Protestantism.
The Counter-Reformation
He is considered to be one of the earliest humanists:
Francesco Petrarca
The modern belief that human beings are at the centre of nature.
Anthropocentrism
Luther believed that the Bible should only be read and interpreted by priests. True or false?
False
When was the Roman Inquisition created?
In 1542.
Why did the population increase in the mid-15th century?
Because the major epidemics disappeared and the birth rate increased.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Europe went through a period of great economic and cultural dynamism. True or false?
True
Spices were highly prized in Europe, since they were needed to ...
preserve food
Other than food preservation, spices were also used in...
cooking and cosmetics
What was the name of the list of books banned by the Catholic Church?
The Index Librorum Prohibitorum.
Humanism and the Baroque emerged in the 15th and 16th centuries. True or false?
False
A humanist who imagined an ideal society without social inequalities:
Thomas More
The cause of this division of the Church was the Protestant Reformation. True or false?
True
A political scientist who described a model in which all actions were justified by reason of state:
Niccolo Machiavelli
Luther nailed a list of 95 theses in favour of the Catholic faith and the church hierarchy to the door of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517. True or false?
False
A cultural movement based on a new way of thinking that broke with medieval values and considered humans as free beings capable of rational thought.
Humanism
What was the Inquisition?
An ecclesiastical court.
Its ideas are based on predestination. Only a few people were predestined for salvation and the rest were condemned.
Calvinist church
What was the name of the public trial to which those suspected of heresy were subjected?
An auto-da-fé.
It began in England when the Pope would not allow King Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
Anglican church
What led to the rise in trade?
Improvements in shipping.
At the beginning of the modern age, the Church underwent a major division. True or false?
True
The ideas of the founder of this church were supported by German princes and nobles who wanted to strengthen their authority against Emperor Charles V and the Pope.
Lutheran church
What did the rise in trade lead to?
An increase in the production of handmade goods, manufacturing and the growth of cities.
Certain spices were only found in ...
Asia
An artistic movement that began in the Modern Age in Western Europe and borrowed elements of classical Greek and Roman culture.
The Renaissance
Why was the Inquisition created?
To ensure that Protestantism did not spread to Catholic countries.
The Church hierarchy was submitted to the state, but some Catholic dogmas and rites were retained.
Anglican church
A scientist who proposed the heliocentric theory (the Earth revolves around the Sun)
Nicolaus Copernicus
The medieval belief that God is at the centre of the world.
Theocentrism
Why was created the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?
It was created to correct the errors of the Church and establish the rites and dogmas required of Catholics
Humanist and Renaissance ideals were a continuation of the main ideas of the Middle Ages. True or false?
false
In 1534, Henry VIII declared the Act of Supremacy, in which England was separated from Rome, and in doing so appointed himself supreme head of the Church of England.
Anglican church
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