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Modals: Coulda, Woulda, Shoulda

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  • From upstairs, we ________ smell the eggs burning in the frying pan on the stove!
    From upstairs, we could smell the eggs burning in the frying pan on the stove!
  • When I was at university, I _______ ________ to stay awake all night long and still be alert in class!
    When I was at university, I was able to stay awake all night long and still be alert in class! !
  • Wow, that _____ _____ hurt !
    Wow, that must have hurt!
  • She _____ _____ called first.
    She could/should have called first.
  • She's been under a lot of pressure at work, so she hasn't ______ _______ to go out much recently!
    She's been under a lot of pressure at work, so she hasn't been able to go out much recently!
  • How can I _______ so stupid? I should have thought about it!
    How can I be so stupid? I should have thought about it!
  • When I was a child, I _________ recite several lengthy poems off by heart! 
    When I was a child, I could recite several lengthy poems off by heart!
  • He _________ understand many of the formulas in Chemistry when he was at school, until he started to revise seroulsly for exams.
    He couldn't understand many of the formulas in Chemistry when he was at school, until he started to revise seriously for exams.
  • I really _____ _____ _____ so much. I'm so freaking full!
    I really shouldn't have eaten so much. I'm so freaking full!
  • When the waiter brought the bill, I realised that I didn't have enough cash on me to pay, but I _____ ______ to call a friend who came and paid it!
    When the waiter brought the bill, I realised that I didn't have enough cash on me to pay, but I was able to call a friend who came and paid it!
  • I would _____ _____ to the party, but I was too busy studying.
    I would have gone to the party, but I was too busy studying.
  • It _______ _______ _______ her that you saw; she's away on vacation.
    It couldn't/can't have been her that you saw; she's away on vacation.
  • Why is she late? She _____ _____ _____ stuck in traffic.
    Why is she late? She must have gotten/got stuck in traffic.
  • I've got some free time at the weekend so I might _____ _______ to help you with your homework.
    I've got some free time at the weekend so I might be able to help you with your homework.
  • The manager _______ __________ to see you tomorrow morning for an interview.
    The manager is able to see you tomorrow morning for an interview.
  • They _______ _______ had a great time. The photos are awesome!
    They must have had a great time. The photos are awesome! 
  • When you finally get the job, you'll _________ _________ to organise your routine as you wish!
    When you finally get the job, you'll be able to organise your routine as you wish!
  • He wasn't at the meeting. Could he _____ _____ _______ it?
    He wasn't at the meeting. Could he have forgotten about it?
  • I guess he must _____ _____ late for his flight. I saw him running at the airport!
    I guess he must have been late for his flight. I saw him running at the airport!
  • I'm not sure, but I ______ _______ _______ my wallet. I can't find it!
    I'm not sure, but I may/might have lost my wallet. I can't find it!
  • I _____ _____ _____ too much wine last night. I don't remember a thing!
    I must have drunk too much wine last night. I don't remember a thing!
  • He _____ _____ _____ to impress her. He bought a giant gift for her!
    He must have wanted to impress her. He bought a giant gift for her!
  • She _____ _____ _____ yes, but she wasn't ready to get married.
    She could have said yes, but she wasn't ready to get married.