the realm of earth that includes all plant and animal life forms
Define geographical processes
the combination of physical and human forces that form and transform our world
Define sustainability
the ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Define biodiversity.
the variety of living organisms on earth and the recognition of the need to maintain and protect this diversity
Define spatial interdependence
the degree to which phenomena depend on each other for development and/or survival. Spatial interdependence implies that a spatial association exists
Define ecologically sustainable development
using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so the ecological processes are maintained so that quality of life can be increased
Define ecosystem
a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical elements of the environment in which they live
What does TNCs stand for ...
transnational corporations
Define spatial dimension
describes where things are and why they are there
Define transnational corporations
large business enterprises with a number of branches operating in several countries but with usually a central head office in a developed country.
Provide 1 example of an NGOs
WWF, UNICEF, World Vision etc.
Provide 2 examples of world cities
Tokyo, Sydney, NYC, Los Angeles, London, Paris etc.
Define exurbanisation
a process whereby people, usually affluent, move from the city to rural areas but continue to maintain an urban way of life
Define spatial exclusion
refers to the defence of luxury lifestyles which have resulted in restrictions in spatial access and the freedom of movement of other urban dwellers.
Define spatial patterns
a key theme in geography that includes the concepts of location, distribution, spatial organisation and spatial differentiation
Define nation-state
the political unit of people living in a defined territory, with government authority in their economy, political organisation and external security
Define World city
a large city that has importance to the operation of the global systems of finance, trade, politics, communications, aid, tourism and entertainment
Define environment
the ‘total surroundings’ including the components of the biophysical world, and the cultural, social, political and economic contexts of people
Define environmental impact assessments
a detailed study for a proposed development that identifies and describes the environment, predicts any likely changes that might result
Define GIS
integrated computer tools for the handling, processing and analysing of geographical data
Define geographical issues
areas of concern that arise due to changes resulting from the interaction within environments and which can be investigated from spatial and/or ecological dimen
Define a cadastral map
a map which shows property boundaries
Define mega cities
very large agglomerations of at least 10 million inhabitants
Provide 3 examples of mega cities
Tokyo, NYC, Paris, London etc.
Define counter-urbanisation
a marked decline in the total population, or growth of the population, of large metropolitan areas and the subsequent growth of smaller urban centres.
Define non-government organisations (NGOs)
groups of people in the community focused around a common aim whether it be to raise money for projects, environmental action, political or social change
Define ecological dimension
describes the relationship between people and the environment and the effect that they have on each other
Define urban village
distinctive residential districts comprising a clustering of people with a common culture and forming an identifiable community
GIS stands for ...
Geographical Information Systems
NGO stands for ...
non-government organisations
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