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History Spring Final

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  • In establishing his empire, Alexander the Great had his soldiers marry who?
    Native Persian women
  • The people to the north of Rome who apparently ruled Rome for a century and heavily influenced Roman urban culture were the?
    Etruscans
  • What reforms did Philip II make to the military?
    used cavalry (horses), longer spears, designed catapults, smaller shields/shorter swords-faster 
  • A school whose curriculum centered on music, physical exercise, and literature.
    Gymnasium
  • Dictator
    would be chosen to run the state in an emergency. Limited to 6 months.
  • A social group who once belonged to Rome’s cavalry (military on horses)
    Equestrians
  • What innovations enabled Romans to erect giant amphitheaters, public baths, and high-rise tenement buildings?
    Concrete (massive scale)
  • Assumption that deities were the same beings with different names.
    Syncretism
  • The head of the Roman religious observances was?
    Pontifex Maximus
  • What was the important cultural center with the largest library and a museum in ancient times? (city)
    Alexandria
  • What was the role of the Roman Dictator?
    Temporary executive power during the period of the Republic and exercised unlimited power for a period of 6 months.
  • Paterfamilias
    head of the family (male), had unlimited power
  • In establishing his empire, Alexander the Great combined what two cultural practices?
    Greek and Persian
  • For the Romans, Italy's geography was a benefit, how?
    Surrounded by water (peninsula), Surrounded by hills/mountains (difficult to attack), Made conquering them difficult
  • The mystery cults and religions of the Hellenistic world helped pave the way for?
    Christianity
  • How was slavery viewed throughout the Hellenistic world?
    Normal
  • Latifundia
    large land estates
  • The Senate granted Octavian the title Imperator (Emperor) but he preferred to be addressed as?
    Princeps
  • In establishing his empire, Alexander the Great saw himself as what?
    a descendant of Greek gods and heroes
  • What places did Alexander fail to conquer?
    India, Arabia
  • Romanization in the Roman empire occurred quickest, where?
    West
  • Rome was established in the first millennium B.C.E. on the plain of?
    Latium
  • The absolute monarchical powers of Augustus as princeps led to what?
    His people won elections, less people voted, Augustus' popularity grew
  • Tiberius Gracchus ran for tribune in 133 B.C.E. on a program of what?
    Providing farms to landless farmers
  • Imperium
    "the right to rule"
  • Alexander the Great’s troops rebelled when he made the decision to invade and capture what country?
    India
  • Doctrine of “pleasure”. Freedom from emotional turmoil, worry etc.
    Epicureanism
  • Praetorian Guard
    The military unit that served as the personal body guards of the Roman emperors.
  • Who was the paterfamilias in Roman society and what could he do?
    Male head of the household; Sell his children, put his children to death, arrange the marriages of all offspring, divorce his wife
  • What was Alexander’s last battle against the Persian king Darius?
    Battle of Gaugamela
  • The First Triumvirate was a political alliance between what three men?
    Crassus, Julius Caesar, and Pompey
  • Name the Good Emperors (5)
    the five emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius)
  • The first of the Flavian emperors was?
    Vespasian
  • Stoicism
    Living in harmony with nature
  • The city on the Tiber that was Rome's chief port was?
    Ostia
  • What were the Twelve Tables?
    The first formal codification of Roman law and customs
  • What made the "terrible third century”, terrible?
    Civil wars, series of natural disasters, inflation/devaluation of coinage, Germanic invasions
  • List the places which Alexander conquered.
    Greece, Persia, Syria, Egypt
  • What holiday is celebrated due to the recapture of the temple in Jerusalem by the Maccabaeus rebellion?
    Hanukkah
  • As Rome expanded, it became Roman policy to govern the provinces with officials known as?
    Proconsuls and propraetors
  • Eucharist
    a Christian ceremony remembering the Last Supper
  • The main achievement of the Hortensian law in Roman constitutional history was what?
    Its ruling that all plebiscita (laws created by plebeians) passed by the plebeian assembly had the force of law and were binding even upon the patricians.
  • Romanization
    The process by which Roman culture and institutions were spread to the provinces
  • Describe the mystery cult of Mithraism
    Preferred by Roman soldiers, rival to Christianity
  • The college of augurs existed to do what?
    Interpret auspices--signs sent to humans by the gods
  • When Augustus died, who chose his successor?
    Augustus himself
  • Men whose families were elected to more important political offices in the republic
    Nobiles
  • Mystery Religions
    Union with a savior god or goddess who had died and risen again.
  • What was the greatest difference between education during the Hellenistic period and education during the classical period?
    Rather than being a private enterprise, Hellenistic education became a duty of cities and their governments.
  • Which social class expanded during the early Roman Empire?
    Equestrian
  • Infanticide
    the practice of killing infants
  • Pax Romana
    "Roman Peace"
  • Who led a revolt against the Seleucid monarchy in Judea in the 160s B.C.?
    Judas Maccabaeus
  • The Greek general Ptolemy took what place after Alexander’s death and made it into the first Hellenistic kingdom?
    Egypt
  • What were the major sources of slaves in the Hellenistic world?
    sold by parents, prisoners of war, kidnapped by pirates, parents were slaves (born into it)
  • What age did Alexander the Great begin ruling? What age did he die?
    20, died at 32 (ruled 12 years)
  • The last great persecution of Christians was ordered by whom?
    Diocletian
  • Emperors gave more and more actual ruling power to the Senate.
    False--took more and more
  • The Roman senator who led the movement for the complete destruction of Carthage was?
    Cato
  • T/F In Augustan society legislation was passed concerning the corruption of morals.
    True
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