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History Spring Final

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  • What was the important cultural center with the largest library and a museum in ancient times? (city)
    Alexandria
  • Tiberius Gracchus ran for tribune in 133 B.C.E. on a program of what?
    Providing farms to landless farmers
  • Emperors gave more and more actual ruling power to the Senate.
    False--took more and more
  • Who was the paterfamilias in Roman society and what could he do?
    Male head of the household; Sell his children, put his children to death, arrange the marriages of all offspring, divorce his wife
  • Men whose families were elected to more important political offices in the republic
    Nobiles
  • List the places which Alexander conquered.
    Greece, Persia, Syria, Egypt
  • The Roman senator who led the movement for the complete destruction of Carthage was?
    Cato
  • Romanization
    The process by which Roman culture and institutions were spread to the provinces
  • The college of augurs existed to do what?
    Interpret auspices--signs sent to humans by the gods
  • What places did Alexander fail to conquer?
    India, Arabia
  • In establishing his empire, Alexander the Great saw himself as what?
    a descendant of Greek gods and heroes
  • Alexander the Great’s troops rebelled when he made the decision to invade and capture what country?
    India
  • Paterfamilias
    head of the family (male), had unlimited power
  • Assumption that deities were the same beings with different names.
    Syncretism
  • The people to the north of Rome who apparently ruled Rome for a century and heavily influenced Roman urban culture were the?
    Etruscans
  • T/F In Augustan society legislation was passed concerning the corruption of morals.
    True
  • Latifundia
    large land estates
  • When Augustus died, who chose his successor?
    Augustus himself
  • The Greek general Ptolemy took what place after Alexander’s death and made it into the first Hellenistic kingdom?
    Egypt
  • What age did Alexander the Great begin ruling? What age did he die?
    20, died at 32 (ruled 12 years)
  • A school whose curriculum centered on music, physical exercise, and literature.
    Gymnasium
  • The mystery cults and religions of the Hellenistic world helped pave the way for?
    Christianity
  • Who led a revolt against the Seleucid monarchy in Judea in the 160s B.C.?
    Judas Maccabaeus
  • Name the Good Emperors (5)
    the five emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius)
  • What made the "terrible third century”, terrible?
    Civil wars, series of natural disasters, inflation/devaluation of coinage, Germanic invasions
  • Pax Romana
    "Roman Peace"
  • Mystery Religions
    Union with a savior god or goddess who had died and risen again.
  • The city on the Tiber that was Rome's chief port was?
    Ostia
  • Describe the mystery cult of Mithraism
    Preferred by Roman soldiers, rival to Christianity
  • What was the role of the Roman Dictator?
    Temporary executive power during the period of the Republic and exercised unlimited power for a period of 6 months.
  • What was the greatest difference between education during the Hellenistic period and education during the classical period?
    Rather than being a private enterprise, Hellenistic education became a duty of cities and their governments.
  • Infanticide
    the practice of killing infants
  • In establishing his empire, Alexander the Great combined what two cultural practices?
    Greek and Persian
  • What innovations enabled Romans to erect giant amphitheaters, public baths, and high-rise tenement buildings?
    Concrete (massive scale)
  • As Rome expanded, it became Roman policy to govern the provinces with officials known as?
    Proconsuls and propraetors
  • Dictator
    would be chosen to run the state in an emergency. Limited to 6 months.
  • Praetorian Guard
    The military unit that served as the personal body guards of the Roman emperors.
  • The first of the Flavian emperors was?
    Vespasian
  • The last great persecution of Christians was ordered by whom?
    Diocletian
  • For the Romans, Italy's geography was a benefit, how?
    Surrounded by water (peninsula), Surrounded by hills/mountains (difficult to attack), Made conquering them difficult
  • Rome was established in the first millennium B.C.E. on the plain of?
    Latium
  • What reforms did Philip II make to the military?
    used cavalry (horses), longer spears, designed catapults, smaller shields/shorter swords-faster 
  • Which social class expanded during the early Roman Empire?
    Equestrian
  • What were the Twelve Tables?
    The first formal codification of Roman law and customs
  • Imperium
    "the right to rule"
  • The Senate granted Octavian the title Imperator (Emperor) but he preferred to be addressed as?
    Princeps
  • The head of the Roman religious observances was?
    Pontifex Maximus
  • Eucharist
    a Christian ceremony remembering the Last Supper
  • What holiday is celebrated due to the recapture of the temple in Jerusalem by the Maccabaeus rebellion?
    Hanukkah
  • In establishing his empire, Alexander the Great had his soldiers marry who?
    Native Persian women
  • The First Triumvirate was a political alliance between what three men?
    Crassus, Julius Caesar, and Pompey
  • The absolute monarchical powers of Augustus as princeps led to what?
    His people won elections, less people voted, Augustus' popularity grew
  • How was slavery viewed throughout the Hellenistic world?
    Normal
  • A social group who once belonged to Rome’s cavalry (military on horses)
    Equestrians
  • Romanization in the Roman empire occurred quickest, where?
    West
  • Stoicism
    Living in harmony with nature
  • What were the major sources of slaves in the Hellenistic world?
    sold by parents, prisoners of war, kidnapped by pirates, parents were slaves (born into it)
  • The main achievement of the Hortensian law in Roman constitutional history was what?
    Its ruling that all plebiscita (laws created by plebeians) passed by the plebeian assembly had the force of law and were binding even upon the patricians.
  • What was Alexander’s last battle against the Persian king Darius?
    Battle of Gaugamela
  • Doctrine of “pleasure”. Freedom from emotional turmoil, worry etc.
    Epicureanism
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