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Age of Exploration

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  • Describe the Columbian Exchange and give examples of what was exchanged between the Old World and the New World
    It traded goods between the Old/New Worlds: smallpox, livestock, and people to the Americas, and crops like corn, tobacco, and tomatoes back to the Old World.
  • Which tool was used by European explorers to determine the direction of the winds by checking which direction is north?
    Magnetic Compass
  • He explored Florida for Spain. According to legend, he was looking for the Fountain of Youth.
    Juan Ponce de León
  • Which of the following groups was considered to be at the very bottom of the ship's social hierarchy during the Age of Exploration?
    Apprentices and Pages
  • Which specific motive for exploration involves spreading or following faith-based convictions?
    Religious Reasons (God)
  • Which tool was used by European explorers to measure latitude while at sea?
    Astrolabe
  • Describe the Atlantic Slave Trade
    It forcibly deported millions of Africans to the Americas. Sold as property, enslaved people faced unpaid labor, and their children inherited enslavement.
  • What mathematical innovation is the Maya civilization credited with developing independently?
    The number zero
  • A sailor on a caravel requires a tooth extraction and a minor surgical procedure. Which crew member would they visit?
    The Barber
  • Describe the impact European exploration and colonization had upon the indigenous people of North and South America.
    Possible Answers: 1) Devastating Disease Outbreaks 2) Forced Labor and Enslavement 3) Loss of Ancestral Lands 4) Destruction of Civilizations
  • Which system of forced labor and tribute did the Spanish implement that contributed to the high mortality rate of the Taíno?
    Encomienda
  • Why was it nearly impossible to treat scurvy during long sea voyages in the 1500s?
    Fresh fruit would spoil before it could be used on long trips.
  • The Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlán is the historical foundation for which modern-day city?
    Mexico City
  • Explain two reasons why Europeans explored the New World.
    1) To search for riches (Gold) 2) To seek fame for bravery, leadership , and accomplishments (Glory) 3) to convert Native Americans to Christianity (God)
  • Which specific specialist was responsible for ensuring the ship's food and water containers did not leak or spoil?
    The Cooper
  • He searched the American Southwest for the Seven Cities of Gold, becoming the first European to see the Grand Canyon and Colorado River.
    Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
  • What physical symptoms are associated with the disease scurvy, as described in the exploration materials?
    Rotted Teeth and open sores
  • What were the three primary food staples shared by the Aztec and Iroquois diets?
    Corn, Beans, and Squash
  • Which Native American civilization lived in central Mexico and fought with Hernán Cortés?
    Aztecs
  • Describe the conditions for African slaves aboard slave ships.
    1) Crowded, uncomfortable. 2) Lived in close quarters 3) lack of privacy 4) Humiliating 5) Disease spread fast 6) Forced to wear shackles
  • His crew was the first to circumnavigate (travel around) the world.
    Ferdinand Magellan
  • What characteristic of the caravel made it superior to the older 'balinger' ships for long-distance exploration?
    Its light weight made it faster and easier to maneuver.
  • What was the primary advantage of the lateen sail compared to traditional European square sails?
    It allowed ships to sail in any direction regardless of the wind.
  • Name the 5 Europeans that were major participants in the Age of Exploration.
    Portugal, Spain, England, France, and The Netherlands
  • Which Native American civilization lived in upstate New York and built longhouses?
    Iroquois
  • Before European colonization of the Americas, what was the primary status of most individuals who were enslaved within Africa and the Americas?
    They were captives taken during times of war.
  • He sailed for England seeking a northwest route to Asia and explored North America, becoming the first European group there since the Vikings.
    John Cabot
  • What change in sleeping arrangements occurred after Christopher Columbus returned from the New World?
    Hammocks were introduced as beds
  • Historians estimate that more than___________ percent of Indigenous people died as a result of the transfer of diseases from the Old World to the New World.
    80%
  • His voyages marked the beginning of European exploration of the New World.
    Christopher Columbus
  • Which items were typically transported by European slave traders from Europe to Africa to be exchanged for captive Africans?
    Guns, Textiles, and Rum
  • He claimed and named Canada for France, mapped the area, and built a settlement along the St. Lawrence River to lay future French claims.
    Jacques Cartier
  • The Iroquois government structure is frequently cited as an early example of which political system?
    Democracy
  • He explored Peru, executed Inca emperor Atahualpa despite receiving a ransom, claimed the region for Spain, and brought down the Inca Empire.
    Francisco Pizarro
  • Name 3 effects of European Exploration
    Answers may vary: Colonization, Atlantic Slave Trade, The Columbian Exchange
  • Which Native American civilization lived in Guatemala and were accomplished astronomers and mathematicians?
    Maya
  • He allied with local rivals to conquer the Aztec Empire by 1521, claiming the territory for Spain and governing it as Mexico.
    Hernan Cortes
  • Define Mercantilism
    An economic and political system with government- controlled trade
  • Give three risks of exploration
    1) Sickness 2) Lack of nutritious food 3) Harsh punishment aboard ships 4) Unfamiliar Territory 5) Hostile natives 6) Getting Lost 7) Bad Weather 8) Pirates
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