FCAT Earth and Space Science Review

nearly round objects that revolve around a star; in our solar system the planets that revolve around our Sun are; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Alfred Wegener believed landmasses of Earth once fit together to form single landmass called "Pangaea"; landmasses "drifted" to where they are today; theory disregarded due to lack of evidence

wind blowing from a cool ocean surface onto adjoining warm land

changes in ocean water levels that take place in regular pattern; controlled by pull of gravity between Moon and Earth; force of gravity of Moon pulls pulls ocean water away from Earth's surface

a large group of stars, dust and gases in the universe held together by gravity

layer of Earth between crust and core; thickest layer, partially molten (liquid)

huge galaxy that is round or oval in shape

show elevation of land with shape and spacing of contour lines; closer lines mean steeper slopes; flat places have widely spaced lines; series of increasingly smaller closed loops indicates hill or mountain

small object made of ice with some gas, dust, and rock; a "tail" can appear as the comet revolves around the sun and is heated

spin of Earth (or other Moon/planet) on its axis; takes 24 hours; causes day/night

medium sized star; located near edge of galaxy; many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star; provides energy that creates convection currents in atmosphere and oceans

intense low pressure areas that form over warm ocean waters in the summer and early fall; a powerful, spiraling storm.

moon phase that occurs when all of the Moon's surface facing Earth reflects light; the Moon appears completely lit

organizes the family of stars into a diagram; across bottom is star's temperature and side is star's absolute magnitude; a star's temperature and color depend on how big the star is

forms when sediment collects and hardens; layers of sediment pile up and squeeze together; requires pressure

spin of Earth (or other Moon/planet) on its axis; takes 24 hours; causes day/night

huge galaxy with no regular shape

outermost layer of Earth; least dense layer; thinnest layer; where we live

where one plate moves under another; a deep ocean trench is formed

galaxy that is disc-shaped with a thin disk with long arms; gas and dust rotate around the central hub of the galaxy

formed when magma cools beneath Earth's surface or when lava cools at Earth's surface; forms in or around volcanoes; requires heat

made of crust and upper part of mantle; broken into tectonic plates

the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces, called sediment; can create/change geographic formations; agents: gravity, ice, wind, water

increasing range in frequency of electromagnetic waves; light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of objects in the universe; ex. light years used to measure distances and sizes in the universe

movement of Earth around Sun; takes 365 ¼ days; causes seasons

the movment of sediment; removes pieces of Earth from one pace and builds land in another; agents: gravity, ice, wind, water

movement of air in the atmosphere caused by convection currents

moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun; the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth

a coastal breeze blowing at night from land to sea; caused by the difference in the rate of cooling of their surfaces

broken pieces of lithosphere; movement caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere

forms when other rocks are heated and squeezed together; requires heat and pressure

caused by uneven heating of Earth's surface; Occur within Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Produce wind and ocean currents.

huge, hot body made of different gases; radiates energy (light)