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Biology 2 Semester Final Exam Review

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  • What is a phenotype?
    The actual physical trait that someone's genotype gives them
  • Autosomes are...
    The first 22 pairs
  • True or False: This is a mold fossil.
    False, footprints are trace fossils.
  • Where is DNA found in most body cells?
    Nucleus
  • A punnett square is used to determine what?
    Offspring traits
  • What is a genotype?
    The pair of alleles that someone possesses
  • Domesticated animals and most crops are examples of…
    Artificial selection
  • What happens to twins that develop from a fertilized egg that fails to completely separate?
    They become conjoined.
  • What is the main difference between identical and fraternal twins (besides identical twins looking identical)?
    Identical twins come from the same fertilized egg while fraternal twins come from two separate eggs.
  • Out of 4, how many offspring will be short?
    1
  • Natural selection is also known as…
    Survival of the fittest
  • What are fossils?
    Preserved remains or traces of past organisms
  • True or False: Homologous structures must have the same function across different species.
    False, they often have different functions across different species.
  • List the two main differences between mitosis and meiosis:
    1. Meiosis occurs for reproductive cells instead of somatic (body) cells, 2. Meiosis produces twice the amount of daughter cells
  • If a karyotype possesses MORE or LESS THAN 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), is it considered normal?
    No
  • When do dominant traits show up in offspring?
    Either when at least one dominant allele is present
  • Are mosquitoes growing resistant to pesticides an example of microevolution?
    Yes, this is a change occurring within a species.
  • Who are the three scientists that took credit for Franklin's discovery of the shape of DNA?
    James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins
  • Who is this?
    Rosalind Franklin
  • Name the four bases of DNA and which pair together:
    Adenine with Thymine (A-T), and Cytosine with Guanine (C-G)
  • Identify an advantage of sexual reproduction: Fast reproduction, higher offspring production, or genetic diversity
    Genetic diversity
  • What percentage or fraction of offspring will be HOMOZYGOUS with BROWN hair?
    25% or 1/4
  • A whale’s hip bone, which SERVES NO PURPOSE for the whale, is referred to as…?
    A vestigial structure
  • True or False: Sexual Reproduction requires only one parent.
    False: It requires two parents.
  • True or False: Peppered Moths, Darwin’s Finches and Antibiotic Resistance are examples of natural selection.
    True
  • Sex Chromosomes for Males and Females are...
    XY and XX
  • True or False: Dominant Alleles are represented by lowercase letters
    False: They are represented by uppercase letters.
  • What is a codon?
    A sequence or group of three DNA or RNA bases
  • Using mRNA, code this section of DNA: ACG
    UGC
  • What is the function of RNA?
    To carry messages from DNA to make proteins
  • Between macroevolution and microevolution, which identifies the process of dinosaurs changing to birds?
    Macroevolution
  • What type of fossil is this? Body, trace, cast or mold?
    Body
  • What do you call someone who has both a dominant AND recessive allele (Dd, Hh, Mm)?
    Heterozygote
  • True or False: Artificial Selection is a natural occurrence.
    False: Artificial selection involves human interference.
  • What is an allele?
    A variation of the same gene (ex: Gene for hair color has alleles for black, blonde and red.)
  • Down Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, and Turner Syndrome are all genetic disorders caused by abnormalities in...
    Chromosomes
  • True or False: Homologous structures are similarly structured body parts across different species.
    True
  • What do you call someone who has a pair of the SAME alleles (SS, ss)?
    Homozygote
  • Is this a cast or mold fossil?
    Mold fossil because it is a hollow imprint of a clam’s body.
  • What is the shape of DNA?
    Double Helix
  • Artificial selection involves humans breeding organisms for…
    Desired traits
  • True or False: Prophase is the last phase of mitosis.
    False, it is the first.
  • True or False: A karyotype is a display of all the chromosomes in someone's cell.
    True
  • Who is given credit for coming up with the modern theory of evolution?
    Charles Darwin
  • In RNA, instead of Thymine (T), Adenine (A) pairs with...
    Uracil (U)
  • What is the main idea behind the Theory of Evolution?
    Species of organisms adapt and change over time to survive.
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