True or False: Standard Treatment can be used as a control in an RCT.
False
True
What is the main goal of Simple Randomization?
To eliminate selection bias
To increase sample size
To make the study faster
To save money
Participants in a trial are also called
triallers
sufferers
clinicians
subjects
The three main categories of research are
Cross-sectional, Cohort and Case Control
RCT, Case study and Longitudinal
Experimental, Non-experimental and Integrative
Meta-analysis, Systematic Review and RCT
To PREVENT bias in an RCT, subjects should be
randomly allocated to control and experimental groups
blindfolded and kept isolated from one another
What is the result or change measured at the end of a trial called?
Bias
Outcome measure
Baseline
Allocation
Cohort studies and case control studies are two different types of _____________ studies.
cross-sectional
case report
longitudinal
analytical
In an abstract there are normally ______ sections.
3
5
6
4
What is the main goal of 'Blinding' in an RCT?
To prevent bias affecting the results
To save money
To improve vision
To speed up the trial
What is the best way to avoid bias in an RCT?
only work with researchers you are friends with
ensure participants, clinicians and/or analysts are blinded
prevent participants from contacting each other
blindfold participants, clinicians and analysts
The group getting no chemical intervention is the:
Sham group
Control group
Placebo group
Experimental group
A _____ study follows the same group of people over a period of time (weeks, months, years)
cohort
case study
descriptive
cross-sectional
What is the primary purpose of a Randomized Controlled Trial?
To ignore side effects
To describe a population
To prove causality
To count patients
What is the result or change measured at the end of a trial called?
Allocation
Bias
Outcome Measure
Baseline
What type of research is a cohort study
Integrative
Non experimental
Experimental
What is the main benefit of body part RCT's?
To test more than one treatment at the same time
To save money
Confounding variables can be kept the same (controlled)
To reduce drop outs (withdrawal)
Which type of RCT has a control group AND MORE THAN ONE experimental group
Multiarm
Cluster
Body part
Cross-over
After randomization in an RCT, MATCHED PAIRS (2 participants of the same age, gender or ethnicity, 1 in each group) are created in order to
prevent drop outs
keep the same numbers in each group
control variables that might impact the results
help them make friends
Which type of RCT involves testing both a new treatment and a sham treatment on the same person
Body part
Parallel
Cross over
Cluster
Using a survey is one way that researchers use to _____ data.
search
review
apply
gather
Checking subjects against eligibility criteria before they enter a study is:
Screening
Follow-up
Intervention
Allocation
In an abstract, the order of the different sections is as follows:
Background, Aim, Methods, Results, Conclusions
Background, Aim, Results, Methods, Conclusions
Aim, Background, Methods, Results, Conclusions
Aim, Background, Results, Methods, Conclusions
A 2026 survey comparing current smoking rates in nursing students vs. physical therapy students. This type of study is
correlational
longitudinal
experimental
cross-sectional
What does p < .05 generally indicate?
Sample too small
Statistically significant
Study failed
Results due to chance
In a CROSS-OVER RCT, participants
test treatment and sham on different body parts
only test one treatment
are randomized as part of a cluster
undergo both intervention and control treatments
CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION is common in studies across a wide geographical area as it
is more time consuming and expensive
saves time and money
What is the purpose of Triple-blinding?
To hide data from the clinician administering the treatment
To hide data from the analyst/researcher
To save time
To hide data from the patient
Which group in an RCT receives the standard treatment or a placebo?
Experimental Group
Control Group
Random Group
Bias Group
A sugar pill with no active ingredients is a:
Control
Intervention
Sham
Placebo
A participant who leaves a study before it is finished is a:
Withdrawal
Inclusion
Selection
Allocation
Case control studies look at the ____________ of individuals in a specific population to explain a present condition or disease.
ages
previous history
present habits
future dreams
A correlational study is also called ____________ study
an analytical
an integrative
a descriptive
an experimental
A _____ study looks for a relationship between two variables.
correlational
descriptive
experimental
longitudinal
What is the starting measurement taken before a treatment begins?
Placebo
Randomization
Baseline
Outcome
In an Open Trial, who is blinded?
Everyone
Only the researcher
No one
Only the patient
A fake procedure that mimics a real one is called:
Standard treatment
Sham treatment
Randomization
Placebo
A _____ study describes the characteristics of a population.
analytical
correlational
descriptive
longitudinal
True or False. CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION allocates subjects to treatment or control groups as part of a larger whole (village, school, clinical centre)
True
False
What is it called when neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the treatment group?
Double-blind
Triple-blind
Single-blind
Open trial
A non-experimental study detailing the condition, treatment and follow up of one patient is called a __________ study.
cross-sectional
case report/study
case control
cohort