A _____ study describes the characteristics of a population.
longitudinal
correlational
analytical
descriptive
Case control studies look at the ____________ of individuals in a specific population to explain a present condition or disease.
future dreams
ages
present habits
previous history
What is the result or change measured at the end of a trial called?
Allocation
Bias
Baseline
Outcome Measure
What is the best way to avoid bias in an RCT?
only work with researchers you are friends with
ensure participants, clinicians and/or analysts are blinded
blindfold participants, clinicians and analysts
prevent participants from contacting each other
In a CROSS-OVER RCT, participants
undergo both intervention and control treatments
are randomized as part of a cluster
only test one treatment
test treatment and sham on different body parts
A non-experimental study detailing the condition, treatment and follow up of one patient is called a __________ study.
cohort
case report/study
case control
cross-sectional
A sugar pill with no active ingredients is a:
Control
Intervention
Placebo
Sham
In an abstract there are normally ______ sections.
5
3
4
6
In an Open Trial, who is blinded?
Everyone
Only the researcher
No one
Only the patient
True or False. CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION allocates subjects to treatment or control groups as part of a larger whole (village, school, clinical centre)
False
True
Which type of RCT has a control group AND MORE THAN ONE experimental group
Body part
Multiarm
Cross-over
Cluster
What is it called when neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the treatment group?
Open trial
Double-blind
Single-blind
Triple-blind
What type of research is a cohort study
Integrative
Experimental
Non experimental
The three main categories of research are
Meta-analysis, Systematic Review and RCT
RCT, Case study and Longitudinal
Cross-sectional, Cohort and Case Control
Experimental, Non-experimental and Integrative
Which group in an RCT receives the standard treatment or a placebo?
Random Group
Control Group
Bias Group
Experimental Group
Cohort studies and case control studies are two different types of _____________ studies.
longitudinal
cross-sectional
analytical
case report
A 2026 survey comparing current smoking rates in nursing students vs. physical therapy students. This type of study is
experimental
correlational
cross-sectional
longitudinal
A _____ study looks for a relationship between two variables.
experimental
longitudinal
correlational
descriptive
A participant who leaves a study before it is finished is a:
Inclusion
Withdrawal
Allocation
Selection
What does p < .05 generally indicate?
Sample too small
Results due to chance
Study failed
Statistically significant
What is the main goal of 'Blinding' in an RCT?
To prevent bias affecting the results
To save money
To speed up the trial
To improve vision
True or False: Standard Treatment can be used as a control in an RCT.
False
True
After randomization in an RCT, MATCHED PAIRS (2 participants of the same age, gender or ethnicity, 1 in each group) are created in order to
keep the same numbers in each group
prevent drop outs
help them make friends
control variables that might impact the results
What is the primary purpose of a Randomized Controlled Trial?
To prove causality
To describe a population
To count patients
To ignore side effects
A _____ study follows the same group of people over a period of time (weeks, months, years)
cohort
descriptive
case study
cross-sectional
A correlational study is also called ____________ study
an analytical
an experimental
a descriptive
an integrative
What is the starting measurement taken before a treatment begins?
Baseline
Outcome
Randomization
Placebo
The group getting no chemical intervention is the:
Experimental group
Control group
Placebo group
Sham group
What is the main goal of Simple Randomization?
To save money
To make the study faster
To increase sample size
To eliminate selection bias
Which type of RCT involves testing both a new treatment and a sham treatment on the same person
Cross over
Cluster
Body part
Parallel
To PREVENT bias in an RCT, subjects should be
randomly allocated to control and experimental groups
blindfolded and kept isolated from one another
In an abstract, the order of the different sections is as follows:
Background, Aim, Results, Methods, Conclusions
Aim, Background, Results, Methods, Conclusions
Aim, Background, Methods, Results, Conclusions
Background, Aim, Methods, Results, Conclusions
A fake procedure that mimics a real one is called:
Placebo
Randomization
Standard treatment
Sham treatment
CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION is common in studies across a wide geographical area as it
is more time consuming and expensive
saves time and money
Using a survey is one way that researchers use to _____ data.
search
gather
apply
review
What is the result or change measured at the end of a trial called?
Allocation
Baseline
Outcome measure
Bias
What is the main benefit of body part RCT's?
To save money
To test more than one treatment at the same time
Confounding variables can be kept the same (controlled)
To reduce drop outs (withdrawal)
Checking subjects against eligibility criteria before they enter a study is:
Screening
Allocation
Intervention
Follow-up
Participants in a trial are also called
triallers
clinicians
subjects
sufferers
What is the purpose of Triple-blinding?
To hide data from the analyst/researcher
To save time
To hide data from the clinician administering the treatment
To hide data from the patient