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HSC Exam Revision

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  • A care worker respects a patient's cultural food choices. What care principle is shown?
    Duty of care – ensuring recommended foods
    Person-centred care – respecting wishes and cultural identit
    Safeguarding – protecting from cultural food risks
    Professional boundaries – rules about dietary advice
  • What is sickle cell disease?
    A bacterial lung and airway infection
    Caused entirely by poor diet and lifestyle
    Inherited blood disorder causing misshapen red blood cells
    A blood and bone marrow cancer
  • Why is substance misuse classified as a lifestyle indicator?
    Substance misuse only affects health if it involves illegal
    Classified as a social factor due to social pressures
    It reflects behaviour choices that can be changed to improve
    Substance misuse is caused entirely by inherited genetic fac
  • How can a language barrier lead to non-attendance at health appointments and poorer health outcomes?
    Non-attendance due to language barriers only affects people
    Language barriers only affect the quality of consultations,
    Language barriers are easily overcome and rarely affect heal
    Poor understanding of appointment details or health advice m
  • How can starting a new relationship positively affect health and wellbeing?
    Increased social support, emotional security and improved mo
    Relationships only benefit wellbeing if both people are in p
    The benefit of a new relationship is limited to emotional we
    New relationships have no measurable impact on wellbeing
  • How might the birth of a sibling affect a young child's emotional wellbeing?
    No significant effect on other children in the family
    May feel jealous or insecure due to reduced parental attenti
    Only affects physical development through home changes
    Always improves emotional wellbeing through companionship
  • Why is mental ill health such as anxiety classified as a physical factor?
    Classified as social, not physical factors
    Mental health is entirely separate from physical health
    Brain conditions produce real physical/physiological effects
    Classified as a lifestyle factor due to poor personal choice
  • Owen is made redundant from his job at age 42. How might this affect his emotional wellbeing?
    Redundancy improves emotional wellbeing by providing more fr
    Redundancy has no emotional impact if the person has savings
    Only older workers are emotionally affected by redundancy
    Loss of self-esteem, anxiety and increased financial stress
  • Why is combining formal and informal support beneficial?
    Combining both increases the likelihood of lasting change
    Informal support is always more effective for lifestyle chan
    Only formal professional support achieves lasting improvemen
    Formal and informal support should never be combined
  • Alex identifies as non-binary and lacks peer acceptance. Which cultural factor affects health?
    Community participation
    Religion
    Gender identity
    Gender roles and expectations
  • How can reduced physical ability negatively affect a person's employment situation?
    It may limit job options or require workplace adaptations, c
    Physical ability has no relevance to employment opportuniti
    Employers are legally required to hire people with physical
    Reduced physical ability always leads to full-time unemploym
  • How might a person's sexual orientation affect their health?
    Only affects social wellbeing
    Only becomes a health factor in adulthood
    Prejudice harms mental health and reduces social wellbeing
    Has no effect on health
  • Why is resting heart rate a useful physiological health indicator?
    Provides a complete measure of overall fitness
    Only reflects recent activity levels
    Only useful for competitive athletes
    Shows heart efficiency and flags cardiovascular concerns
  • Priti has recently switched to eating three balanced meals a day, including wholegrains and lean protein. What positive effect might this have on her energy levels?
    Energy levels are entirely determined by sleep, not diet
    Sustained energy release throughout the day, reducing fatig
    Balanced meals only improve energy in people who are already
    She may gain weight as a side effect of eating more regular
  • A young person breaks their leg and is unable to play sport for six months. How might this affect their social wellbeing?
    Physical injuries only affect physical and emotional wellbei
    Reduced participation in sporting activities may lead to iso
    The injury will have no social impact as the person can stil
    Social impact will only be significant if the injury results
  • What are the long-term risks of remaining in the obese BMI range?
    No long-term risks if the person feels well
    Only affects physical health – no emotional or social effect
    The only risk is increased joint pain due to excess weight b
    Increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, joint problems an
  • Sunita has blood pressure of 148/92 mmHg. How will reducing salt intake help to lower her blood pressure?
    Reducing salt improves BMI, which then lowers blood pressure
    Reducing salt decreases fluid retention, lowering the pressu
    Salt only affects blood pressure in people with existing kid
    Salt reduction has no impact on blood pressure
  • How can discrimination and barriers create a cycle of poor health?
    Lifestyle factors always override social factors
    Barriers only affect people already experiencing poor social
    Reduces income and creates financial barriers to recommendat
    Social factors and barriers are completely separate
  • What short-term physical effects might a person with a BMI of 17 experience in their daily life?
    A BMI of 17 is within the healthy range and causes no sympto
    Symptoms of underweight BMI only appear after several years
    Fatigue, poor concentration, feeling cold and susceptibility
    Excessive energy and high physical stamina
  • Why must circumstances be considered in health recommendations?
    Ignoring circumstances is always more cost-effective
    Only relevant for older patients with complex needs
    Ignoring circumstances may make recommendations unachievable
    Circumstances do not affect how effective recommendations ar
  • How might regular physical activity improve emotional wellbeing?
    Increases anxiety in those who are not naturally sporty
    Releases endorphins that reduce stress, anxiety and depressi
    Exercise only improves physical health and has no emotional
    Physical activity has no direct effect on emotional wellbein
  • Jasper cannot afford gym membership or sports equipment. He wants to follow his GP's advice to exercise more. What is the impact of this financial barrier?
    Financial barriers to exercise only affect older adults
    Financial barriers only affect health when combined with oth
    He is less likely to follow the recommendation, increasing h
    The barrier only exists if Jasper lives in a rural area with
  • Why is second-hand smoke particularly harmful for young children?
    Second-hand smoke has the same impact on children as on adul
    Children are not affected by second-hand smoke until they st
    Children's lungs are still developing, making them more vuln
    Second-hand smoke only affects children who already have ast
  • What is a short-term physical effect of drinking too much alcohol in one session?
    Alcohol immediately causes long-term liver damage
    Reduced coordination, slowed reactions and possible alcohol
    Short-term alcohol use has no physical effects
    Alcohol only affects the digestive system in the short term
  • Todd drinks approximately 22 units of alcohol per week and has abnormal liver function. How will reducing his alcohol intake to recommended levels improve Todd's liver health?
    Alcohol reduction only helps if combined with complete absti
    Reduced alcohol gives the liver the opportunity to repair an
    Reducing alcohol has no impact on liver function once it has
    The liver has limited regenerative capacity so reduction has
  • How will regular physical activity reduce Bea's blood pressure and cholesterol?
    Exercise reduces blood pressure but has no effect on cholest
    Physical activity only reduces cholesterol if combined with
    The effect on blood pressure and cholesterol takes over ten
    Regular exercise strengthens the heart and reduces LDL chole
  • How can heavy alcohol use negatively affect a person's social wellbeing?
    Alcohol only affects social relationships after a person bec
    It can damage relationships, lead to aggressive behaviour an
    Alcohol use always improves social confidence with no negati
    Social wellbeing is not affected by alcohol consumption
  • In what way can religion positively influence a person's lifestyle choices?
    Religion only affects cultural identity, not health behaviou
    Religious beliefs always restrict lifestyle choices, reducin
    The impact of religion on lifestyle is always negative
    Religious guidance on diet, rest and community may encourag
  • How might low physical activity affect physiological indicators over time?
    Only affects BMI – not blood pressure or heart rate
    No measurable effect on physiological indicators
    Leads to higher BMI, resting heart rate and blood pressure
    Only extreme inactivity has any effect on physiological indi
  • Darren lives in a property with broken floorboards, poor lighting and a faulty gas boiler. What short-term health risk does this represent?
    These conditions are unlikely to cause harm unless combined
    The conditions only affect long-term health through gradual
    Unsafe housing conditions only affect elderly residents
    Increased risk of accidents, injury and carbon monoxide pois
  • Zara's religion requires periodic fasting. How might this affect her physical health?
    May affect energy and nutrition if unmanaged
    Religious fasting only affects social wellbeing
    Cannot influence health because it is a personal choice
    Has no effect on physical health
  • How does eating a diet rich in fruit and vegetables positively affect physical health?
    Provides essential vitamins and minerals that support immune
    The effect depends entirely on calorie intake, not nutrient
    It only benefits physical health if combined with vitamin su
    Fruit and vegetables only impact digestive health
  • Why distinguish between barriers and obstacles when supporting health recommendations?
    Obstacles always prevent progress more effectively than barr
    There is no practical difference; both are addressed in the
    Barriers are always more significant than obstacles
    Barriers need system changes; obstacles need personal strate
  • Mei speaks Mandarin and can't understand her doctor. What barrier is this?
    A geographical barrier limiting her access to services
    A language barrier, as she speaks English as an additional l
    A financial barrier preventing her from accessing translatio
    A physical barrier due to communication difficulties
  • Why might unemployment harm a person's social wellbeing?
    Improves social wellbeing through more family time
    Only affects physical and intellectual health
    More free time always means better social wellbeing
    Removes workplace social contact and limits social activitie
  • How can poor nutrition affect a young person's intellectual development?
    Poor nutrition only affects children under five intellectual
    Only affects physical health – no intellectual impact
    Can be fully offset by regular exercise
    Nutrient deficiencies impair concentration, memory and perfo
  • Why might social inclusion improve health?
    Mainly improves physical health
    Only important for older people and disabled individuals
    Improves self-esteem, reduces loneliness and supports mental
    Only benefits those with diagnosed mental health conditions
  • How does comparing lifestyle data to guidelines help health?
    Identifies where changes are needed to reduce risk
    Lifestyle data is only useful for healthcare professionals
    No practical benefit for people who feel well
    Only relevant for those with a diagnosed condition
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