To PREVENT bias in an RCT, subjects should be
randomly allocated to control and experimental groups
blindfolded and kept isolated from one another
If an instrument accurately measures what it is supposed to, it has...
Bias
Validity
Randomization
Reliability
CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION is common in studies across a wide geographical area as it
saves time and money
is more time consuming and expensive
What is the main goal of 'Blinding' in an RCT?
To speed up the trial
To save money
To improve vision
To prevent bias affecting the results
Cancer patients in a clinical trial ___________ an intervention
apply
conduct
prevent
undergo
Cigarette smoking is an example of ____________ risk factor in CVD.
an insignificant
a genetic
a modifiable
a non-modifiable
A correlational study is also called ____________ study
an analytical
an integrative
a descriptive
an experimental
Cohort studies and case control studies are two different types of _____________ studies.
longitudinal
cross-sectional
case report
analytical
A nursing student might _____ a survey to find out who smokes.
carry
make
conduct
apply
After a study, the team will _____ the results in a report.
search for
elicit
compile
apply
What is the best way to avoid bias in an RCT?
prevent participants from contacting each other
blindfold participants, clinicians and analysts
ensure participants, clinicians and/or analysts are blinded
only work with researchers you are friends with
When reading an abstract, another way of saying RESULTS is
DREAMS
EXPECTATIONS
FINDINGS
SEARCHES
A sugar pill with no active ingredients is a:
Placebo
Sham
Intervention
Control
What is the main goal of Simple Randomization?
To increase sample size
To make the study faster
To save money
To eliminate selection bias
In an Open Trial, who is blinded?
Only the patient
Everyone
No one
Only the researcher
Case control studies look at the ____________ of individuals in a specific population to explain a present condition or disease.
previous history
present habits
ages
future dreams
Smoking has _____ effects on almost every organ in the body.
narrow
analytical
stiff
adverse
RISK FACTORS for CVD include a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress, poor diet and _________
a gluten free diet
low blood pressure
fast walking
high blood pressure
A non-experimental study detailing the condition, treatment and follow up of one patient is called a __________ study.
cohort
case control
cross-sectional
case report/study
What is it called when neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the treatment group?
Double-blind
Open trial
Single-blind
Triple-blind
A participant who leaves a study before it is finished is a:
Inclusion
Selection
Withdrawal
Allocation
In an abstract there are normally ______ sections.
4
5
3
6
Checking subjects against eligibility criteria before they enter a study is:
Allocation
Intervention
Follow-up
Screening
The group getting no chemical intervention is the:
Experimental group
Placebo group
Control group
Sham group
A _____ study follows the same group of people over a period of time (weeks, months, years)
cohort
case study
cross-sectional
descriptive
What is the Gold Standard for nursing research design?
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Case study
Observation
Survey
What is the primary purpose of a Randomized Controlled Trial?
To prove causality
To ignore side effects
To describe a population
To count patients
What is the purpose of Triple-blinding?
To hide data from the clinician administering the treatment
To save time
To hide data from the analyst/researcher
To hide data from the patient
What type of research is a cohort study
Experimental
Integrative
Non experimental
Using a survey is one way that researchers use to _____ data.
apply
review
gather
search
Which group in an RCT receives the standard treatment or a placebo?
Bias Group
Control Group
Random Group
Experimental Group
In an abstract, the order of the different sections is as follows:
Background, Aim, Methods, Results, Conclusions
Aim, Background, Methods, Results, Conclusions
Aim, Background, Results, Methods, Conclusions
Background, Aim, Results, Methods, Conclusions
When a nurse gives a new treatment, they _____ an intervention.
apply
give
lead
do
Which type of RCT has a control group AND MORE THAN ONE experimental group
Multiarm
Body part
Cluster
Cross-over
What is the starting measurement taken before a treatment begins?
Placebo
Outcome
Baseline
Randomization
A 2026 survey comparing current smoking rates in nursing students vs. physical therapy students. This type of study is
correlational
experimental
cross-sectional
longitudinal
A _____ study looks for a relationship between two variables.
longitudinal
descriptive
correlational
experimental
True or False: Standard Treatment can be used as a control in an RCT.
False
True
There has been a _____ in smoking over the last ten years.
increase
decrease
reduce
failure
Which type of RCT involves testing both a new treatment and a sham treatment on the same person
Cross over
Body part
Cluster
Parallel
What is the main benefit of body part RCT's?
To reduce drop outs (withdrawal)
To save money
To test more than one treatment at the same time
Confounding variables can be kept the same (controlled)
After randomization in an RCT, MATCHED PAIRS (2 participants of the same age, gender or ethnicity, 1 in each group) are created in order to
keep the same numbers in each group
control variables that might impact the results
help them make friends
prevent drop outs
True or False. CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION allocates subjects to treatment or control groups as part of a larger whole (village, school, clinical centre)
False
True
What is the result or change measured at the end of a trial called?
Bias
Outcome Measure
Allocation
Baseline
A fake procedure that mimics a real one is called:
Randomization
Standard treatment
Sham treatment
Placebo
What is the result or change measured at the end of a trial called?
Bias
Baseline
Outcome measure
Allocation
A _____ study describes the characteristics of a population.
correlational
analytical
descriptive
longitudinal
The three main categories of research are
RCT, Case study and Longitudinal
Experimental, Non-experimental and Integrative
Meta-analysis, Systematic Review and RCT
Cross-sectional, Cohort and Case Control
Participants in a trial are also called
clinicians
triallers
subjects
sufferers
There are _________ rates of smoking in females than males.
higher
lower
much more
the same
In a CROSS-OVER RCT, participants
are randomized as part of a cluster
only test one treatment
test treatment and sham on different body parts
undergo both intervention and control treatments
To _____ information about a diet, a nurse asks questions.
elicit
apply
carry out
compile
What does p < .05 generally indicate?
Sample too small
Study failed
Results due to chance
Statistically significant