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DNA & Proteins Revision

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  • What direction is DNA read?
    5' to 3'
  • Describe the process of protein synthesis that occurs in the cytoplasm
    At the ribosome the mRNA codons are matched with tRNA anticodons. This allows the tRNA to deposit the correct amino acid into the polypeptide.
  • This is an image of?
    tRNA
  • What effect does acetylation have on gene expression
    increases gene expression
  • What are the three factors that increase mutation rates
    ionising radiation, mutagenetic chemicals, viruses
  • What is the name of A?
    Phosphate Group
  • Complete the Table
    R1: UCU, AGA. R2: GCC, GCC, R3: CTG, GAC
  • DNA replication is a "semi-conservative' process. What does this mean?
    The new DNA is made of one old strand and one new strand
  • What do restriction enzymes do?
    The cut DNA at specific locations
  • Describe the process of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus
    RNA polymerase binds to the template DNA strand and synthesises a complementary mRNA strand. Introns are spliced out to form the mature mRNA
  • Describe how a competitive inhibitor lowers enzyme activity
    The inhibitor binds to the active site preventing the substrate from binding
  • Which suspect committed the crime?
    Suspect 2
  • Explain the cause of the plateau in this enzyme catalysed reaction?
    All the enzymes are being used
  • Describe the induced fit model
    When substrates bind to the active site, the interactions between them cause the enzyme to slightly change shape producing a perfect fit
  • What is the name of B?
    Nitrogen Base
  • Explain the process of PCR
    Heating separates the DNA strands, then the mixture is cooled so primers may bind, then the mixture it heated to allow taq polymerase to synthesis new strands
  • What effect does methylation have on gene expression
    lowers gene expression
  • What is the name of C?
    Deoxyribose Sugar
  • What is this enzymes optimum tempreature?
    40 degrees
  • How do increase reaction rate
    By lowering activation energy
  • What are the two most common shapes that make up the secondary structure?
    alpha-helix & beta-sheets
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