A period when the economy shrinks and economic activity declines.
Economic contraction
Prices that have been artificially increased or exaggerated beyond their real value.
Inflated
An event that causes something else to start or happen suddenly.
Trigger
Organisation offering shares - I______ E______
The issuing entity
A wealthy individual who invests their own personal money in a start-up or early-stage company, usually in exchange for equity and often providing mentorship or business advice as well.
Angel investor
to buy and sell stocks - T
To trade shares
A long period when economic growth is extremely slow or almost non-existent.
Economic stagnation
because of political conflict between countries -
In light of geopolitical tensions
A period when business and commercial activity are thriving and very successful.
Flourishing trade
Circulate widely - D
disseminate
A person or company that owes money to another party after borrowing funds or receiving goods or services on credit.
Debtor
Economic stabilty - F____ S_____
Financial security
Supports or fits well with -
Aligned with
A category of investments that share similar characteristics and are subject to the same laws and regulation.
Asset class
A person, bank, or institution that lends money or extends credit to a company and expects repayment according to agreed terms
Creditor
A very rapid and dramatic increase.
Skyrocket
Digital currencies that use cryptography and decentralized blockchain networks to record transactions, which can be traded by investors as a highly volatile asset class (for example, Bitcoin or Ethereum).
Cryptocurrencies
A professionally managed investment fund that pools money from many investors to buy a diversified portfolio of securities such as stocks or bonds, with transactions typically processed once per day at the fund’s net asset value.
Mutual fund
We decided to -
We opted to
Looking back at an event after it has happened and understanding it more clearly.
In hindsight
Temporary difficulties or challenges -
Short-term headwinds
to supervise / to monitor - O
To oversee
A situation where something is priced much higher than its real or fundamental value.
Overvaluation
Hopeful, but still careful -
Cautiously optimistic
An investment fund designed to track the performance of a specific market index (such as the S&P 500), holding the same or very similar securities so that investors can gain broad market exposure at relatively low cost.
Index fund
Resources owned by a company that have economic value and can generate future benefits, such as cash, buildings, machinery, intellectual property, or investments.
Assets
A situation in which one company or organisation has exclusive control over a market.
Monopoly
frequent and unpredictable fluctuations in financial markets - M_____ V______
Market volatility
To rise to extremely high levels.
Soar (beyond)
The highest level reached before something begins to decline.
Peak
As a way to prevent possible problems -
As a precautionary measure
Improve financial position - G______ W______
To grow wealth
To reduce possible danger or loss
To mitigate risk
Raw materials or primary agricultural products (such as oil, gold, or wheat) that are traded on global markets and often used by investors to diversify portfolios because their prices move differently from stocks.
Commodities
The short-term funds a company uses to manage its daily operations, calculated as current assets minus current liabilities, such as cash used to pay suppliers and wages before receiving payment from customers.
Working capital
A fall that happens very suddenly and dramatically.
Plunge
the reduction or removal of government rules, restrictions, and oversight within a specific industry - D________
Deregulation
statistics, such as GDP, employment rates, and inflation, used to analyze, measure, and predict the overall health and performance of an economy - E___ I___
Economic indicators
Financial support provided by governments or institutions to businesses, often for research, innovation, or regional development, which usually does not need to be repaid if the conditions are met.
Grants/subsidies
Where money is pooled from multiple investors to build diversified portfolios of stocks, bonds, and other securities managed by finance professionals - M
Mutual funds
adherence to rules / meeting regulatory requirements - C
Compliance (with regulations)
Government spending or tax reductions intended to stimulate economic activity.
Fiscal stimulus
a surge of investment / incoming funds - I___ of C____
An influx of capital
Global political happenings - G______ E_______
Geopolitical events
Caused us to (do something) -
Prompted us to
A short-term financing arrangement in which a supplier allows a business to receive goods or services now and pay for them later (for example, payment terms such as “30 days after delivery”).
Trade credit
A general economic downturn with falling output and rising unemployment.
financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds - S
securities
A banking facility that allows a business to withdraw more money from its current account than it actually has available, up to an agreed limit, to cover short-term cash flow shortages.
Overdraft
Reveal - D________
To disclose (information)
A situation where people act with uncontrolled excitement.
Frenzy
Financial tools used by investors to determine whether an asset or company is reasonably priced.
Valuation metrics
Buying assets mainly because you expect their price to rise so you can sell them later for profit.
Speculation
To finance expansion - T_____ S______
To fund growth
To buy something very quickly before others can get it.
Snap up
An increase that is twenty times greater than the original amount.
Twentyfold
A short problem that will likely improve later
Temporary setback
Indicator/ measure of - B
barometer
Raising money for a business by borrowing funds that must later be repaid with interest, such as through bank loans, bonds, or credit facilities.
Debt financing
The continuing and spreading results of an event or action.
Ripple effects
the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy - F_______ P_________
Fiscal policy
Borrowers with weak credit histories who are considered high-risk by lenders.
Subprime borrowers
asset value growth / increase in investment value - C______ A_______
Capital appreciation
A sudden and significant increase in something such as demand or prices.
Surge
an ownership share - S
A stake in a business
Act carefully and thoughtfully -
Take a measured approach
Quick overview / brief picture - S__________
snapshot
An investor or investment firm that manages pooled funds and invests large amounts of capital in high-growth start-ups or expanding companies in exchange for equity, usually expecting significant returns if the company succeeds.
Venture capitalist
the ability of a company or an individual to settle short-term liabilities easily and on time - L___________
liquidity
release company ownership units to investors - I______ S______
To issue shares
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