a push or pull that can change the position or motion of an object/material
force
living components of the environment that affect the ecosystem or other living things in the environment
biotic factors
a state of matter in which the substance expands to take both the shape and volume of its container
gas
change in direction of a wave as it moves from one medium to another
refraction
all of the living and nonliving components that interact in the same geographic area
ecosystem
forces that are acting on an object in different directions and are not the same strength; result in a change in position, direction, or motion
unequal forces
process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces
weathering
light energy taken in by an object
absorbed
the force that pulls objects toward each other
gravity
process by which sediment is deposited in a new location
deposition
a part or group of parts of an organism
structure
process of binding and hardening of sediments into hard rock
cementation
the amount of space that a substance or object takes up
volume
a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals
species
two or more forces that act on an object in different directions with the same size strength; result in no change in position, direction, or motion
equal forces
nonliving elements of the environment that influence the way that organisms and ecosystems function
abiotic factors
imaginary line about which an object rotates
axis
process by which pressure from rocks and soil reduces the size or volume of sediments
compaction
a representation of several overlapping food chains in an ecosystem; includes the flow of energy from the Sun through producers to consumers and decomposers through multiple pathways
food web
what something is used for; purpose
function
a form of energy which our eyes can detect
light energy
the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance, such as sugar dissolving in water
solubility
the path through which electricity can flow
circuit
the change of water from one state to another as it moves between Earth’s surfaces to the atmosphere
water cycle
a force that acts in the opposite direction to movement
friction
the spinning of a planet or moon on its axis
rotation
a substance or object that does not allow energy to flow through it easily
insulator
the ability of a material (not an object) to sink or float in water
relative density
a wave behavior in which waves strike an object and bounce back off
reflection
a state of matter in which the substance has a set shape and size
solid
something an organism learns to do as they interact in their world
learned behavior
the surroundings or conditions in which an organism must survive
environment
a characteristic that is passed from the parent to offspring
inherited trait
rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together
rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together
the dark shape made when something blocks light from a light source
shadow
a combination of two or more substances that can be separated in some physical way
mixture
a substance or object that allows energy to flow through it easily
conductor
a state of matter in which the substance takes the shape of the container and has an unchanged volume when poured from one container to another
liquid
the condition of the atmosphere at a place for a short period of time, including humidity, cloud cover, temperature, wind, and precipitation
weather
the movement of weathered material by wind, water, or ice
erosion
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