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The metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

The electrolyte that must be critically assessed before giving insulin because insulin drives it into cells, risking arrhythmias.

The two-hour glucose level range (140–199 mg/dL) on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test indicating prediabetes.

The abdominal organ responsible for converting food into fuel for the body’s cells.

A life-threatening complication caused by a prolonged total lack of insulin, resulting in ketone accumulation and metabolic acidosis.

The impaired fasting glucose range defined as fasting plasma glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL.

The critical brain condition caused by severe glucose deprivation, usually occurring when blood glucose falls below 50 mg/dL.

The diagnostic blood glucose level typically seen in DKA that exceeds normal limits.

The blood pH value indicating acidosis in DKA.

The highest priority intervention in DKA management before insulin administration.

The only definitive treatment for spontaneous hypoglycemia caused by hyperplastic or neoplastic pancreatic tissue.

Deep, rapid, labored breathing observed in patients with metabolic acidosis such as DKA.

The condition characterized by insufficient insulin production leading to persistent hyperglycemia.

The pancreatic hormone that lowers blood sugar by moving glucose into body cells.

The early autonomic symptom of hypoglycemia caused by epinephrine release that results in cold sweating.

A condition caused by inadequate pancreatic enzyme production characterized by weight loss and fatty stools.

The pancreatic hormone that raises blood sugar by signaling the liver to release stored glucose.

The enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down carbohydrates.

The pancreatic function that secretes products through ducts onto an epithelium instead of directly into the bloodstream.

The condition in which continuous, unregulated insulin secretion leads to β-cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis.