Normal BUN/Creatinine levels:
BUN-10-20mg/dL Creatinine-0.5-1.2mg/dL
Changes in the renal system related to aging include:
Decreased GFR, decreased size of kidney, nocturia, urinary incontinence, retention
These tests use a series of x-rays to visualize function and structure of the bladder and urethra
Cystography and Cystourethrography
Performed percutaneously to determine causes of unexplained kidney problems or direct treatment
Kidney Biopsy
Subjective data collection for renal/urinary assessment may include:
Pain, color of urine, changes in urination, medical history, diet/drinking changes
This method of urine collection is used to determine creatinine clearance:
24-hour urine collection
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is controlled by ___________ and ____________. The average GFR is ________mL/min.
Blood pressure and blood flow. 125mL/min.
This non-invasive sonogram may be used in clients experiencing postvoid residual volumes:
Bedside sonography/bladder scanner
Describe the step-by-step process in obtaining a urinalysis using the "clean catch" method?
explain procedure, clean before voiding, initiate voiding then stops and resumes voiding into the specimen cup.
A specific gravity of 1.050 obtained from an urinalysis may indicate:
dehydration (concentrated urine), decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
This is the ___________. It is the functional unit of the kidney and forms urine by filtering waste products and water from the blood.
Nephron
These large particles are too big to filter through the glomerular capillary walls and are not normally present in the urine.
Red and White blood cells, albumin, glucose and proteins.
Clients are NPO 4-6 hours pre-procedure, coagulation studies are needed prior to performing
Kidney Biopsy
Flank pain, hypotension, decreased urine output, bruising along flank/back
Bleeding post-kidney biopsy
Direct visualization of the bladder and/or the urethra can be done by the following procedures:
Cystoscopy and Cystourethroscopy
Bladder puncture is a complication of cystoscopy and cystourethroscopy. What are signs and symptoms of bladder puncture?
severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
X-ray assessment that may show obvious stones or obstructions is a:
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) Xray
Major Complication of Kidney Biopsy:
Bleeding into the kidney and tissues around needle insertion site