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to wear down - what does this phrasal verb mean? Provide 3 examples.

1. The friction will eventually wear down the brake pads. 2. The stress of the job is starting to wear her down. 3. They tried to wear down the opposition.

Climate change has had ______ consequences for certain species. (reversible)

irreversible

Rewrite, using a participle clause to express the consequence: The ship sank in extremely deep waters, which made it hard for divers to locate the wreck.

… deep waters, making it hard for divers to locate the wreck.

Rewrite, using a participle clause to express the consequence. Predators ensure that they are well camouflaged. This enables them to take their prey by surprise.

… camouflaged, enabling them to take their prey by surprise.

Although it is _______ to remove your shoes when entering the building, most people do. (necessary)

unnecessary

Explain the meaning of the idiom "to give an edge": 'We think that Homo sapiens had a more efficient hunting technology, which could have given them the edge.' says Petraglia.

to give somebody an advantage

Rewrite, using a participle clause to express the consequence. In order to safeguard the area, a sign was put up which encouraged walkers to take another route.

… put up, encouraging walkers to take another route.

The clerk admitted that he had _____ the instructions and sent the artefact to the wrong address. (understand)

misunderstood

Which words and phrases are usually used to explain when different stages of the processes happen in relation to each other?

grey powder left after something burns

ash

to plummet - what does it mean? Provide 2 examples

to fall very quickly and suddenly

Provide 2 examples of Mixed conditionals. When are they used?

Provide 2 examples of 2nd conditional. When is it used?

Even though our early ancestors were _____, they had remarkable survival skills. (educate)

uneducated

Explain the meaning and provide an example: rapid fluctuation.

frequent, or intense changes, variations, or instability in a system, measurement, or state over a short period

The idea of protecting wildlife would have been _____ to our early ancestors. (meaning)

meaningless

Provide 2 examples of 3rd conditional. When is it used?

Rewrite, using a participle clause to express the consequence. In the south of the country, heavy rain fell for five consecutive days. This brought floods to many regions.

In the south of the country, heavy rain fell for five consecutive days, bringing floods to many regions.

The release of gas, ash, molten materials, or hot water into the atmosphere or onto the Earth's surface from a volcano or other opening in the Earth's surface.

eruption

Those in the queue to enter the museum were becoming very _______. (patient)

impatient