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Birth Order Flashcards

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  • According to the birth order theory, middle children often have a higher pace of development because they strive to do what?
    Pass their older siblings.
  • What social challenge do only children often face?
    Difficulty interacting with their peers.
  • The personality study of high school students found that middle children tend to be more conscientious and _____.
    diligent
  • Name two social factors that can influence personality but are often ignored in birth order research.
    Ethnicity, education, parents' welfare, or family relationships.
  • Why might the youngest child feel less experienced and independent, according to birth order theory?
    They receive a lot of care and attention from parents and older siblings.
  • In Adler's birth order theory, who serves as the "pacesetter" for the second child?
    The older brother or sister.
  • Being overly pampered can lead to what two leading qualities in an only child?
    Dependency and self-centeredness.
  • What factors are considered much more important than birth order in shaping an individual's life?
    Parent-child relationships and the upbringing children receive.
  • A large study of adults in the US, UK, and Germany found that older children generally show higher performance in what kind of tests?
    Intelligence (IQ) tests.
  • According to the high school student study, what are two personality disadvantages of being a firstborn?
    They are less social and less resistant to stress.
  • The study that linked birth order to IQ found no birth order effects on which two personality aspects?
    Emotional stability and imagination.
  • Adler's theory suggests middle children tend to be ambitious but are rarely what?
    Selfish.
  • In the absence of siblings, with whom does an only child often compete, according to Adler's theory?
    His or her father.
  • What is a primary motivation for the youngest children, often leading to great success in their chosen fields?
    To surpass their older sisters and brothers.
  • What did the high school student personality study reveal about the youngest child in a family?
    They are more likely to be open and sociable.
  • While youngest children are often very sociable, they also tend to be more _____ and frivolous than their older siblings.
    irresponsible
  • Many children with no siblings become _____, which helps them achieve their goals.
    perfectionists
  • Who first proposed the theory that birth order shapes personality in the 1920s?
    Alfred Adler, a friend and colleague of Sigmund Freud.
  • What is a major criticism of most birth order research studies?
    They don't take into account important social factors.
  • According to Alfred Adler's theory, the firstborn child tends to be conservative, power-orientated, and predisposed towards _____.
    leadership
  • A study of 377,000 high school students found that firstborns tend to be more honest and _____.
    dominant
  • What personal tendency of middle children, according to Adler, leads to more failures but ultimately makes them stronger?
    They are more likely to set unreasonably high goals for themselves.
  • Why do firstborns often grow up to be more caring and willing to become parents, according to Adler's theory?
    Because they often take responsibility for their younger siblings.
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