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Enlightenment Review

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  • How did the French government and the Catholic Church react to Diderot's Encyclopedia?
    They were against it.
  • What did the Enlightenment stress that people use to solve their problems?
    Logic and Reason
  • What rights did Voltaire push for people to have in France?
    Freedom of speech and religion.
  • What did Beccaria want to get rid of?
    Tortue and capital punishment.
  • What are Locke's natural rights?
    life, liberty, property.
  • What city became the center of the Enlightenment?
    Paris
  • What is Geocentric Theory?
    Belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.
  • What is the force that Newton believed applied to all objects on Earth and in space according to their size and distance apart?
    Gravity.
  • Who did novels become very popular with?
    The middle class.
  • What kind of government did Rousseau believe was the only true government?
    Direct Democracy.
  • What was invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit?
    Thermometer
  • What did Zacharias Janssen invent?
    Microscope
  • What ideas were supported by Joseph II?
    Freedom of Press, Freedom of Religion, Legal court reforms.
  • How did Galileo's trail for blasphemy end?
    He confessed that his ideas were false.
  • What were rulers who embraced the Enlightenment called?
    Enlightened Despots.
  • How would you describe the Baroque style of the 1600s?
    Overly ornate and extremely fancy.
  • What is Hobbes opinion on government and law?
    A strong king needs power in order to maintain peace.
  • What change did Mary Wollstonecraft want to make for women during this time?
    They should receive an equal education.
  • How was Heliocentric Theory created?
    Through observation and mathematics.
  • How did music change during the Enlightenment?
    It became more elegant and complicated.
  • What idea did Montesquieu come up with?
    Separation of governmental powers.
  • What change did Joseph II make for the poor?
    He required that they be paid in cash.
  • How id Andreas Vesalius help our scientific understanding of Anatomy?
    He wrote a book detailing the organs, muscles, and bones of the body.
  • What conclusion did Copernicus reach about the heavens?
    The Earth rotates around the Sun.
  • What was Diderot's Encyclopedia?
    A book containing articles from different Enlightenment scholars.
  • What are 3 of the the five pillars of the Philosophes?
    Reason, Happiness, Progress, Nature, Liberty
  • What country did Catherine the Great rule?
    Russia.
  • Why did Copernicus wait to publish his writings?
    He was afraid of the response from the Church.
  • What ideas of the Enlightenment did Catherine the Great use?
    Freedom of Religion, Abolish Torture, Abolish capital punishment.
  • What did Newton believe had caused the Earth to work in such perfect order?
    God
  • What cultures did the Neoclassical movement borrow ideas from?
    Greece and Rome
  • What does the prefix neo mean?
    New
  • What is the social contract according to Hobbes?
    Agreement to give up freedom in exchange for law and order.
  • What was Galileo's first book called?
    Starry Messenger
  • Whose ideas are best reflected by the phrase, "To learn who rules over you, simply find out who you are not allowed to criticize."
    Voltaire
  • What is inoculation?
    Giving someone a small dose of a disease to allow their immune system to fight it.
  • What did Locke believe people should do if their government was corrupt or ineffective?
    Overthrow it and form a new one.
  • What change did Rousseau believe should happen in society?
    It should be classless with no nobility.
  • In terms of the Enlightenment, what is a salon?
    A social gathering to discuss Enlightenment ideas.
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