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Early US History Unit 4 Review

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  • Identify ONE negative consequence of sharecropping.
    trapping freedmen in poverty and debt for generations; kept them on plantations
  • Reference to THIS act of Congress in 1882 is illustrated within this image.
    Chinese Exclusion Act
  • THIS event is commonly viewed as the last major incident of Plains Indian resistance in the American West.
    Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
  • What was the significance of the invention pictured here?
    It proved to be an effective method of securely enclosing one's property, thereby keeping cattle in and trespassers out.
  • THIS was one form of Plains Indian spiritual resistance to white encroachment on Indian lands and destruction of their traditional culture in the American West (pictured here).
    The Ghost Dance
  • Identify ONE component of the 14th Amendment.
    granted citizenship to freedmen; guaranteed citizens equal protection under the law; no state can deprive any person of life/liberty/property, w/o due process
  • Freedmen were not allowed to vote, hold office, sit on juries, serve in local militia, carry guns on plantations, homestead, or attend public schools are all examples of THIS concept during Reconstruction.
    Black Codes
  • The image here depicts one of the negative results of THIS congressional effort to forcibly assimilate Native Americans
    The Dawes Act (1887)
  • The near extinction of this animal destroyed the Plains Indian culture and was one factor that forced tribes onto reservations
    bison (buffalo)
  • Identify ONE provision of the Compromise of 1877.
    Rutherford B. Hayes (Repub.) was declared the presidential winner; remaining military would be taken out of Southern states; military reconstruction ends
  • What landmark Supreme Court case declared segregation constitutional under the principle of 'separate but equal?'
    Plessy v. Ferguson
  • Driven to find work, most freedmen took part in this economic activity during Reconstruction.
    sharecropping
  • The invention, pictured here, revolutionized farming on the Plains.
    Steel plow
  • THIS is the name given to the conflict (sometimes violent) in the American West between farmers, cowboys, and ranchers.
    range wars
  • Identify ONE demand of the Radical Republicans regarding Reconstruction.
    citizenship for freed Blacks; guarantee civil rights/equal treatment under the law; guarantee Black men the right to vote; military sent to South
  • Identify ONE requirement that the Homestead Act asked of each claimant.
    They were required to live on and “improve” their plot by cultivating the land or creation of a home within 5 yrs; payment of a registration fee ($12)
  • Within two decades following Reconstruction, white Southern Democrat controlled state governments created a series of segregation legislation better known by THIS nickname.
    Jim Crow laws
  • It is what is pictured in the image here.
    Ellis Island
  • WHAT is the nickname of the Democrat Party coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction Era that sought to regain their political power and enforce white supremacy?
    The Redeemers
  • What did grandfather clauses do?
    A loophole exempted any citizen whose grandfather had been eligible to vote in 1867 from other voting requirements; protected poor whites' voting ability
  • Identify ONE characteristic of a ‘New Immigrant.’
    originally from eastern or southern Europe; predominantly Catholic; largely poor and uneducated; largely settled in urban areas of the U.S.
  • What was the purpose of poll taxes?
    Due to the disproportionate levels of poverty among African Americans in the Southern states, many Blacks – as well as poor Whites – were excluded from voting.
  • Lakota (Sioux) chief Red Cloud led resistance in order to protect hunting grounds that eventually led to the creation of the Great Sioux Reservation with THIS event.
    Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
  • Identify the president that attempted to bring an end to the KKK and used the military to protect freedmen civil rights in the South during Reconstruction.
    President Ulysses S. Grant
  • Identify ONE Indian leader that participated in the Battle of Little Bighorn.
    Sitting Bull or Crazy Horse
  • What Congressional program was created to assist freed slaves by providing them help to reunite families, find work, and provide educational opportunities after the Civil War.
    Freedmen's Bureau
  • Identify the MAIN objective of W.E.B. Du Bois's response to treatment of Blacks.
    He urged Black Americans to work for immediate recognition of equal political and civil rights.
  • Pictured here, it is an example of THIS concept.
    literacy tests
  • What Constitutional amendment forbid the use of slavery?
    13th Amendment
  • Military Reconstruction, as seen in this image, took place during this individual's presidency.
    Ulysses S. Grant
  • How much land did an individual receive as part of the Hometead Act?
    160 acres
  • What ethnic group arrived in large numbers in the mid-19th century due to a potato famine?
    Irish Immigrants
  • What did the 15th Amendment do?
    granted African American men the right to vote; states cannot deny a citizen the right to vote because of race/color/previous servitude
  • It is an example of THIS concept pictured here.
    Jim Crow / segregation
  • A critic of the 'Atlanta Compromise' speech and co-founder of the Niagara Movement / NAACP
    W.E.B. Du Bois
  • Identify ONE way that white Southern Democrats were able to undermine the 15th Amendment?
    poll taxes; literacy tests; fear/intimidation (by groups such as the KKK)
  • This individual became President as a result of the Compromise of 1877.
    Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)
  • Identify ONE goal/action of the Reconstruction era Ku Klux Klan.
    undermine the Republican Party; maintain black economic instability; ensure white racial and economic superiority in South; prevent Blacks from voting
  • By what means were Indian youth forced to assimilate and reject their traditional culture?
    boarding schools
  • What institution did Booker T. Washington help found (create)?
    Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (now Tuskegee University)
  • The words "boomer" and "sooner" are synonymous with what historical event?
    The Oklahoma Land Rush (1889)
  • Identify the ‘category’ (term) of the shadowed individuals in this 1893 political cartoon targeting middle-class readers.
    Old Immigrants
  • The favoring of native-born inhabitants of a country rather than immigrants BEST defines which term?
    Nativism
  • Which president's Reconstruction plan was the MOST lenient as it called for only 10% of a Southern state's male population to declare their loyalty to the Union?
    Abraham Lincoln's Plan
  • What economic innovation made the geographic pattern shown here possible?
    building of the transcontinental railroad
  • What was the message of the 'Atlanta Compromise' speech?
    suggested that African Americans should not agitate for political and social equality, but should instead work hard, earn respect & acquire vocational training
  • This president was impeached by Congress during Reconstruction because he did not support sending the military back into the South to protect and defend freed Blacks' rights.
    Andrew Johnson
  • Who was the Black civil rights advocate who is BEST known for his 'Atlanta Compromise' speech?
    Booker T. Washington
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