Judgement
The ability to make good decisions or opinions.
How do advertisements or promotions influence your decision on how to pay?
👉 Can you give an example?
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Definition:
Money that has value because the government says it does and people have trust in that value.
💰
Commodity Money
Example:
“Sumerian tokens were an early form of money.”
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This reading skill helps you figure out why a sentence is written — what its purpose or function is in the text.
Knowing this helps you understand how information is organized and how ideas connect.
Example:
A bank underwrites (guarantees) a loan.
Example:
“The first universal credit card was the Diners Club card.”
💵
Fiat Money
Example:
A stable bridge is safe to cross.
Example:
The school has a policy about wearing uniforms.
Policy
A plan of action or set of rules made by a person, company, or government.
Example:
Sumer had some of the earliest cities and writing systems.
Here are the
examples and their meanings:
Example:
After eating at the restaurant, the waiter gave us the bill.
Stable
Not likely to change or fall apart- steady and secure.
Example:
In ancient times, people paid with cowrie shells instead of coins.
Transactions
Exchanges where people buy, sell, or trade something.
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Example:
“According to archeologists, the first money was Sumerian tokens.”
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Example:
“Today’s money has value because a government says that it does.”
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Example:
Turning art into items to sell is a way to commodify it.
Underwrites
Promises to support or guarantee something, especially financially.
If you could design a new way of paying for things in the future, what would it be like?
👉 How would it make life easier for people?
New
Vocabulary
Example
:Silver bars
Can you remember a time when you couldn’t pay because you didn’t have the right payment method?
👉 How did you solve the problem?
Example:
“If you heat gold, it melts easily, making it ideal for creating coins.”
How do you usually pay for small items like snacks or drinks?
👉 Why do you prefer that method?
Condition:
→ This sentence shows a “if–then” situation, explaining what happens under certain conditions.
Definition:
Money that has value because it is made of a valuable material or can be exchanged for something valuable.
Example:
She used her credit card to buy a new jacket online.
Essentially
Basically or most importantly.
Convenience
Something that makes life easier or quicker.
Example
:Cowry shells (used in some ancient societies)
Credit Card 💳
👉 A plastic card from a bank that lets you buy things now and pay for them later.
Example:
You make a payment when you buy a ticket.
Defining:
→ This sentence gives a definition. It tells what something is.
👉 Even if it’s not used as money, it still has intrinsic value —
meaning it’s worth something on its own.
Each sentence in a paragraph serves a specific role —
to define, classify, quote, report, show cause/effect, state a condition, or name something.
Commodify
To turn something into a product that can be bought or sold.
Trigger
To cause something to start or happen.
Payment
Money or something of value given in return for goods or services.
Have you ever used a gift card or store voucher?
👉 How did you feel about using it?
NEW
VOCABULARY
Cause–Effect:
→ This sentence explains a reason or result (why something happens).
✅
In short:
Cowrie Shells
Small sea shells that were once used as money in many parts of the world.
Example:
The movie is essentially about friendship.
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Do you think online shopping has changed the way people pay for things?
👉 How has it changed your habits, if at all?
Do you think contactless payments are safer or riskier than traditional methods?
👉 Why do you feel that way?
Bill 💵
👉 A piece of paper that shows how much money you must pay for something (like at a restaurant or for electricity).
Example
:Coins used today
Sumer
One of the world’s first civilizations, located in what is now southern Iraq. Region of Ancient Mesopotamia
Naming:
→ This sentence simply identifies or names something.
Example
:Gold coins 🪙
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Example:
“There are two types of money: commodity and fiat.”
Tangible
Something you can touch or physically feel.
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Example:
Loud noises can trigger a dog to bark.
Example:
Having a store nearby is a convenience.
👉 A ₱100 bill isn’t valuable because of the paper it’s printed on —
it’s valuable because the government guarantees its value and people accept it in exchange.
TOPIC
“Understanding the Function of Sentences.”
Classifying:
→ This sentence divides things into groups or categories.
Value Source:
Government decree (law) and public confidence, not the material itself.
Example
:Modern paper bills (like the US dollar 💵 or Philippine peso ₱)
When you travel, do you prefer to carry local cash or rely on cards?
👉 Why do you make that choice?
Have you ever received change in coins that you didn’t like carrying?
👉 How did you handle the situation?
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Example:
The teacher praised her student’s good judgement in choosing a project.
Reporting:
→ This sentence shares information from a source or expert.
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Example:
A book is tangible- an idea is not.
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Understanding these roles helps you
follow the logic and purpose of the text more clearly.
Signify
To mean or show something.
Example:
Buying a snack at a store is a transaction.
Example:
“As economist Maynard Keynes said, ‘Ideas shape the course of history.’”
Example:
The bearer of a ticket is the person who has it and can use it.
Example:
A red light can signify “stop” on the road.
Bearer
A person who carries or holds something.
Value Source:
Its own material (for example, gold, silver, or salt).
Quoting:
→ This sentence uses someone’s exact words to support a point.
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In your opinion, is it better to budget money with cash envelopes or by tracking card expenses?
👉 Why do you think that method works better?