Heart defects + related revision | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

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What is an atheroma made of in atherosclerosis?

Fat / lipids

What term is given the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart relaxes?

Diastole

What stage of the cardiac cycle is shown in the image?

Ventricular systole

What machine is used to measure things like tidal volume, vital capacity and total lung capacity?

Spirometer

What is the term is given to the contraction of the atrium during the cardiac cycle?

Atrial systole

What medical term is given to the bulging /swelling of the aorta/pulmonary artery?

Aneurysm

What is the name at the base of the aorta, that prevents backflow of blood in the left ventricle during diastole?

Aortic valve

What term is given to the form of blood vessel disease where fatty deposits (atheroma) form in the middle layer of an artery?

Atherosclerosis

What is the role of elastic fibres in the middle layer of an artery?

Stretch and recoil

What name is given the structure that divides the heart into left / right and separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood?

Septum

What is the name of the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart, to the lungs?

Pulmonary artery

What is laid down to form the hard plaque?

Calcium salts and fibrous tissue

What name is given to the congenital heart disease where there is a hole in the septum between the atria?

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

What is the formula to calculate is pulmonary ventilation rate?

breathing rate (breaths min–1) x tidal volume (cm3)

What prevents backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular systole?

atrioventricular valves close

What name is given to the congenital heart defect where there is a hole in the septum between the ventricles?

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

If a heart valve is not shutting properly what effect does this have?

Blood leaks back

Why would a ruptured aortic aneurysm be life threatening?

Bleed to death

How does the lumen size of arteries compare to veins?

Narrower

What type of tissue allows arteries to stretch and recoil?

Elastic

What is the name of the blood vessel that carries high pressure, oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

Aorta

If a heart valve is not opening properly what effect does this have?

Prevents flow of blood through the heart

What term is given to the contraction of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle?

Ventricular systole

What symptoms may someone have if a heart valve is not working correctly?

Breathless, tired, irregular heart rate

What does atherosclerosis raise the risk of if it ruptures, and a blood clot forms in an artery?

Stroke / heart attack

What changes are seen in an artery with atherosclerotic plaques?

Narrow lumen, fatty atheroma, hard plaques

What strong, durable protein is found in the outer layer of an artery?

Collagen

When measuring lung function using a peak flow meter what term is given to the measurement?

peak expiratory flow rate / PEFR

Endothelium line the inside of an artery - what is their role?

Reduce friction / make artery smooth

What will happen to someone's pulmonary ventilation rate (PVR) if their breathing rate increases

PVR will also increase

What is the definition of tidal volume?

The volume of air breathed in (or out) in one breath at rest