Judgement
The ability to make good decisions or opinions.
Understanding these roles helps you
follow the logic and purpose of the text more clearly.
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In your opinion, is it better to budget money with cash envelopes or by tracking card expenses?
👉 Why do you think that method works better?
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Example:
You make a payment when you buy a ticket.
Convenience
Something that makes life easier or quicker.
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Example:
The school has a policy about wearing uniforms.
When you travel, do you prefer to carry local cash or rely on cards?
👉 Why do you make that choice?
Example:
A bank underwrites (guarantees) a loan.
Quoting:
→ This sentence uses someone’s exact words to support a point.
Signify
To mean or show something.
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This reading skill helps you figure out why a sentence is written — what its purpose or function is in the text.
Knowing this helps you understand how information is organized and how ideas connect.
Example:
“Sumerian tokens were an early form of money.”
Condition:
→ This sentence shows a “if–then” situation, explaining what happens under certain conditions.
Commodify
To turn something into a product that can be bought or sold.
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Example:
“The first universal credit card was the Diners Club card.”
Do you think online shopping has changed the way people pay for things?
👉 How has it changed your habits, if at all?
Example:
“Today’s money has value because a government says that it does.”
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Example:
Sumer had some of the earliest cities and writing systems.
Example:
A book is tangible- an idea is not.
Example:
“If you heat gold, it melts easily, making it ideal for creating coins.”
New
Vocabulary
Example:
“There are two types of money: commodity and fiat.”
Bill 💵
👉 A piece of paper that shows how much money you must pay for something (like at a restaurant or for electricity).
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Here are the
examples and their meanings:
NEW
VOCABULARY
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Defining:
→ This sentence gives a definition. It tells what something is.
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Each sentence in a paragraph serves a specific role —
to define, classify, quote, report, show cause/effect, state a condition, or name something.
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TOPIC
“Understanding the Function of Sentences.”
Example:
A stable bridge is safe to cross.
Bearer
A person who carries or holds something.
Cowrie Shells
Small sea shells that were once used as money in many parts of the world.
Example:
Buying a snack at a store is a transaction.
Have you ever used a gift card or store voucher?
👉 How did you feel about using it?
Example:
The teacher praised her student’s good judgement in choosing a project.
Underwrites
Promises to support or guarantee something, especially financially.
Transactions
Exchanges where people buy, sell, or trade something.
Example:
A red light can signify “stop” on the road.
Classifying:
→ This sentence divides things into groups or categories.
Can you remember a time when you couldn’t pay because you didn’t have the right payment method?
👉 How did you solve the problem?
Example:
Turning art into items to sell is a way to commodify it.
Essentially
Basically or most importantly.
Example:
“As economist Maynard Keynes said, ‘Ideas shape the course of history.’”
Payment
Money or something of value given in return for goods or services.
Tangible
Something you can touch or physically feel.
Cause–Effect:
→ This sentence explains a reason or result (why something happens).
Credit Card 💳
👉 A plastic card from a bank that lets you buy things now and pay for them later.
Example:
Loud noises can trigger a dog to bark.
Reporting:
→ This sentence shares information from a source or expert.
Sumer
One of the world’s first civilizations, located in what is now southern Iraq. Region of Ancient Mesopotamia
Example:
“According to archeologists, the first money was Sumerian tokens.”
Example:
The bearer of a ticket is the person who has it and can use it.
Example:
She used her credit card to buy a new jacket online.
Policy
A plan of action or set of rules made by a person, company, or government.
Naming:
→ This sentence simply identifies or names something.
If you could design a new way of paying for things in the future, what would it be like?
👉 How would it make life easier for people?
✅
In short:
Stable
Not likely to change or fall apart- steady and secure.
Trigger
To cause something to start or happen.
Example:
After eating at the restaurant, the waiter gave us the bill.
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Example:
Having a store nearby is a convenience.
How do you usually pay for small items like snacks or drinks?
👉 Why do you prefer that method?
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Have you ever received change in coins that you didn’t like carrying?
👉 How did you handle the situation?
How do advertisements or promotions influence your decision on how to pay?
👉 Can you give an example?
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Do you think contactless payments are safer or riskier than traditional methods?
👉 Why do you feel that way?
Example:
The movie is essentially about friendship.
Example:
In ancient times, people paid with cowrie shells instead of coins.