Movement of materials using energy (ATP) against the concentration gradient.
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from high to low concentration.
What type of microscope uses light and lenses to magnify specimens up to 1000x?
Light microscope
What is the main function of lysosomes?
To break down waste and old organelles.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is the main difference between rough and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes; smooth ER doesn’t
Why can’t electron microscopes view living samples?
Samples must be placed in a vacuum.
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton?
To give the cell shape, support, and help movement.
What is the function of ribosomes?
To assemble proteins from DNA instructions.
Which organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell?
Mitochondria
Define isotonic solution.
Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
What is the jelly-like material inside a cell called?
Cytoplasm
Which type of cells are generally smaller and simpler?
Prokaryotes
What is passive transport?
Movement of molecules without energy use
What is the difference between TEM and SEM?
TEM shows thin internal structures in 2D; SEM shows surface details in 3D.
Which organelle captures sunlight to make food for plants?
Chloroplast
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion through protein channels.
What would happen to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks (water moves out).
Which organelle contains DNA in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is the main function of vacuoles?
To store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
State the three main ideas of the Cell Theory.
1. All living things are made up of cells. 🟩 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 🟩 3. New cells are produced from existin
What is the control center of the cell that contains DNA?
Nucleus
What would happen to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
It swells as the vacuole fills with water but doesn’t burst (cell wall prevents it).
What are aquaporins?
Protein channels that allow water to pass through.
Which two organelles are involved in energy conversion?
Chloroplasts and mitochonDria
What is the cell membrane made of?
A lipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins for storage or export.
What does “selectively permeable” mean?
Only certain substances can pass through
What is the main function of the cell wall?
To support and protect the cell (found in plants, fungi, and bacteria)
Which instrument made the discovery of cells possible?
Microscope
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus; prokaryotes do not.
Who first used the term “cell”?
Robert Hooke
Your experience on this site will be improved by allowing cookies.