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  • Name four types of pathogens.
    Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
  • What is a vector? Give an example.
    An organism that spreads disease without being ill, e.g., mosquitoes spreading malaria.
  • How do pathogens spread?
    Through air, water, food, direct contact, or vectors.
  • What is a vaccine?
    A substance containing weakened or dead pathogens (or their antigens) to stimulate the immune system.
  • What is a pathogen?
    A microorganism that causes disease.
  • What are bacteria?
    Single-celled microorganisms that can multiply quickly.
  • How are viruses different from bacteria?
    Viruses are much smaller, not living, and need a host cell to reproduce.
  • Give one example of a viral disease.
    Influenza, measles, or COVID-19.
  • How do bacteria make us feel ill?
    By releasing toxins and damaging body tissues.
  • Name one bacterial disease.
    Tuberculosis, cholera, or salmonella.
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