Name three products Sumerians produced for trade.
Woollen textiles, pottery, metalwork.
What type of economy existed in Sumerian city-states?
A traditional economy based on trade, farming, and industry.
What imported materials did Sumerians obtain through trade?
Copper and tin.
Where was Mesopotamia located?
Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, at the eastern end of the Fertile Crescent.
What is a city-state?
A large city with some surrounding land, ruled as an independent unit.
What is irrigation, and why was it important for Mesopotamian farmers?
Irrigation is supplying water to land or crops through channels; it allowed farmers to grow crops regularly.
What is a ziggurat?
A massive stepped tower topped with a temple
What was the most famous Sumerian invention?
(cuneiform).
What does the word “Mesopotamia” mean?
“The area between the two rivers.”
What material did Sumerians use to build most of their houses?
Mud (mud bricks).
Where did Sumerian traders travel to exchange goods?
The eastern Mediterranean and east of India.
What rivers bordered Mesopotamia?
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Name three important Sumerian cities.
Eridu, Ur, Uruk.
Why was the soil in Mesopotamia suitable for farming?
It was rich and fertile due to layers of silt deposited by the rivers.
What architectural innovations did Sumerians invent using mud bricks?
The arch and the dome.