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Lesson 5-Infection Prevention & Precautions

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  • Describe a microorganism and what are the 3 types
    Microorganisms are tiny living organism, always present around us. The types are Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi
  • What is Infection prevention?
    Methods used to stop the spread of disease
  • What are pathogens?
    HARMFUL microorganism that INVADE the body and CAUSE INFECTIONS
  • Why are contact precautions important?
    They reduce the spread of infections between individual or surfaces
  • Where do you dispose of soiled dressing and biomedical waste?
    in a Biohazrd container (Red) to prevent exposure
  • What are standard Precaustions?
    They treat ALL blood, bodly fluids, broken skin, and mucouse membranes as infectious., (Use with EVERY CLIENT)
  • What does PPE mean?
    Personal Protective Equipment
  • What are the 6 links in the Chain of Infection? (in the correct order)
    1. Causative Agent, 2. Reservoir, 3. Portal of Exit, 4. Mode of Transmisson, 5. Portal of Entry, 6. Susceptible Host
  • What are transmission-based infections?
    These are used for SPECIFIC INFECTIONS and added to standard precautions. These depend on how the infection SPREADS ( Ex: airborne, droplet or contact)
  • What are the Legal Aspects of HIV?
    Confidentialy rights, Consents is mandatory for HIV testing, there are Employment protection
  • Which is the #1 prevention Method that stops the spread of infection?
    Hand washing
  • Which TB does not have symptoms and cannot spread to others?
    #1 Latent TB infection
  • How can HHA Prevent spread of COVID-19?
    Follow Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions. Maintain physical distance (6 feet) and ensure proper ventilation. Use PPE, and wash hands frequently
  • True or False: Do you turn of the faucet with your clean hands?
    False, you must use a clean dry paper towel to turn it off.
  • What are the Isolation procedure steps?
    Wash Dishes &Utensils (use hotwater, antibacterial soap, bleach when appropriate) , Soiled laundry(use hot water, gloves & bag the contaminated laundry) equip e
  • What does doffing mean?
    To take off a soiled gown
  • What does PrEP mean?
    Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
  • When is PPE Worn?
    When there is a risk of contact with BLOOD, BODY FLUIDS,SECRETIONS OR EXCREATIONS. ESP, for tasks that involve exposure that splashed and sprays & don/doff
  • What do Masks, goggles, face shield and gloves protect?
    The Skin, clothing, and mucous membranes from contamination.
  • What steps do you need to take to REPORT exposure of infections diseases.?
    Imform supervisor immidaitely, complete incident report or exposure report, and floow any testing or precautionary measures by the agency
  • What does donning mean?
    To put on a gown
  • What can reduce susceptibility?
    Vaccines (e.g for flu or hepatitis B)
  • What do you do with the gloves when donning?
    Put them on last
  • True or False: If you toss out your used paper towel and accidently touch the rim of the garbage can, do you have to wash your hands again
    True, touching the rim of the garbage contaminates your hands.
  • What do you call Special Masks that are required for diseases like TB/COVID??
    Respirators
  • What are the symptoms of COVID-19?
    MILD: Fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, muscle pain. SEVERE: Difficulty breathing, hospitalization, potential use of ventilators.
  • What are the 2 modes of Transmission?
    Direct and indirect contact. Hands of healthcare setting workers are the primary mode of transmission.
  • I am a method of cleaning: I bake Items at 350F (175C) for 1 hour, who am I?
    Dry heat (oven)
  • Why is PrEP important?
    It is effective for uninfected individuals when taken consistently and combined with other preventive measures like using condoms and regular testing.
  • How can you support your clients impacted by Long term COVID-19?
    Encourage adherence to care plans. Provide emotional support for those facing long-term effects.
  • What do you do when doffing gloves?
    Take them off first
  • What are the Long term impacts of COVID-19?
    Post-Recovery Challenges: Persistent symptoms: Loss of taste/smell, fatigue, cough, and concentration difficulties.
  • I am a method of cleaning: I place items in boiling water for at least 20 mins to kill bacteria and viruses. who am I?
    Wet heat (boiling)
  • What are the 2 types of TB?
    1. latent TB infections (LTBI) and 2. TB Disease
  • What Does NOT Spread bloodborne Diseases?
    Casual contact like touching, hugging, or being in the same room as someone infected.
  • What are the available community resources for HIV/AIDS?
    Available services are couseling and emotional support, meal delivery programs, access to experimental drugs and Online rsources.
  • When was the COVID-19 declared a pandemic in the United States?
    March 2020
  • Which are the high-risk groups for COVID-19?
    Older adults and those with chronic illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, or obesity.
  • How can HHA help provide community rresources for HIV/AIds?
    Speak with a supervisor and coordinate with social workers or care teams for assistance.
  • what are the COVID19 precaution Client care guidelines for HHA's?
    Isolate clients in one room when possible. Avoid sharing personal household items. Monitor symptoms and follow the care plan.
  • I have to dispose contaminated of needles, razors and sharps. What container do I use?
    Biohazard containers
  • What do goggles protect?
    Your eyes from splashed or sprays of body fluids and MUST fit snugly over or around the eyes.
  • What do Gowns protect and prevent?
    Protect exposed skin and prevent soiling of clothing.
  • Why do you need to report infectious disease exposures?
    Because it protects your health and that of others and prevents future accidents by identifying risks.
  • Should you use hand lotion to prevent dry and cracked skin? Which type of lotion do you need to buy?
    Yes, frangrance free
  • What is TB?
    contagious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
  • True or false: After washing your hands, do you need to use a paper towel to dry your fingers, hands, webbing, wrists and fingertips?
    True
  • What is the HHA Role about Long term Impact of COVID-19?
    Stay informed about evolving guidelines and protocols. Advocate for clients’ health and well-being.
  • What is the Key take away of Legal aspects of HIV?
    Confidentiality and legal protections safeguard individuals with HIV/AIDS from discrimination and judgement
  • What are the portals of entry?
    Pathogens enter through body opening like mouth, nose, eyes or cuts. Including mucous membranes
  • How does PrEP work?
    It blocks the HIV virus from establishing a permanent infection if exposed.
  • how much santizer (%) hust the HHA use for Covid 19- precautions?
    at least 60% alcohol
  • True or False: Wet and Dry heat methods ensure that bacteria, viruses, and pathogens are neutralized effectively?
    True
  • What is the purpose of isolation procedures?
    To address specific infection risks. like Transmission-based precautions to address specific infection risks (standard precautions)
  • How to Protect Yourself and Others from Bloodborne Diseases?
    Standard precautions, Handwashing, PPE and Isolation protocols
  • What is COVID-19?
    It is classified as a droplet and airborne disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
  • Which TB can spread to others and has symptoms present?
    #2 TB disease
  • How long must you wash your hands for after touching? What do you have to sing?
    scrub hands for at least 20 seconds and sing "Happy Birthday" 2x
  • Why is it important for you to keep your nails trimmed and not wear artificial nails , bracelets or rings?
    To prevent harboring bacteria
  • What are the steps for Donning? (Putting on a gown)
    1. wash hands 2.handle and secure mask by tying strings or adjusting straps, 3.pinch metal nose, 4.put on goggles5. put on gloves and secure mask & goggles
  • When are FLUID-resistant GOWNS required to be used?
    If fluid penetration is likely to occur
  • Who are the Susceptable Host?
    People who are not immune or not vaccinated CAN BECOME SICK.
  • What are the High risk groups of TB?
    People with weakened immune system due to HIV/AIds, Malnutrition or substance abuse.
  • What are the symptoms of TB?
    Symptoms are Fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, prolonged coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath.
  • What are the employer responsibilities about prevention of bloodborne diseases?
    Provide employees with PPE free of charge for their safety, Offer Hepatitis B Vaccinations to all employees, & create and maintain an OSHA compliant ctrl plan
  • When do you have to wash your hands?
    upon arriving at a client's home, Before/After contact with clients, body fluids or contaminated items., B4 meals,feeding,or food preparation & after garbage
  • How do bloodborne diseases spread?
    Direct contact with infected blood entering the bloodstream, sexual contact, sharing needles and handliing contaminated supplies.
  • What is PrEP?
    Daily medication that lowers the risk of getting HIV for UNINFECTED individuals.
  • Are disposable masks for single use or multiple use?
    single use; You must discard after 1 use.
  • What happens after you report exposure to infectious disease to your employer?
    Employer will investigate and implement steps to prevent further exposure
  • what are blood boarn diseases?
    infections carried in blood that can cause serious illness (e.g. HIV, Hepatitis B&C)
  • What is a key practice of Contact precautions?
    Wash hands with soap and water 20 sec. esp after touching contaminated items, avoid cross-contamination by keeping clean surface separate from contaminated ones
  • What does TB mean?
    Tuberculosis
  • What does Masks prevent?
    Inhalation of Microorganisims and should be worn during respiratory illness care or potential fluid exposure.
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