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defining and non-defining relative clauses

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  • Combine: The man is my uncle. He lives in Madrid.
    The man who lives in Madrid is my uncle.
  • Choose: That’s the girl (who / which / where) helped me.
    who
  • The teacher who helped me pass the exam.
    defining
  • The movie that we watched last night was amazing.
    defining
  • Combine: The cake was delicious. You made it yesterday.
    The cake that / which you made yesterday was delicious.
  • She likes people ______ are friendly.
    who / that
  • The man ______ lives next door is very kind.
    who / that
  • Where are the keys, ______ were here?
    which
  • The students who arrived late missed the test.
    defining
  • Explain: What’s the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses?
    Defining clauses give essential information (no commas). Non-defining clauses give extra, non-essential information (use commas).
  • Add a relative pronoun: I met the woman ______ son won the prize.
    whose
  • I read a lot of books ______ I was ill at home.
    when
  • Ben didn’t know ______ money it was.
    whose
  • My laptop, which I use for work, is very old.
    non-defining
  • Rewrite using a non-defining clause: Shakira is a singer. She’s from Colombia.
    Shakira, who is from Colombia, is a singer.
  • This car, which I bought last year, is very fast.
    non-defining
  • That’s the house ______ they live
    where
  • Correct the mistake: That’s the boy which plays football with me.
    That’s the boy who plays football with me.
  • The company, ______ David works for, makes computers.
    where / which
  • Paris, which is the capital of France, is very beautiful.
    non-defining
  • My brother, who lives in Canada, is coming to visit.
    non-defining
  • The dog ______ barked all night kept me awake.
    which / that
  • Choose: This is the house (where / when / whose) I was born.
    Where
  • The woman who works at the café is from Italy.
    defining
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