Name the trio who won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of DNA's structure.
Watson, Crick and Wilkins
Best, Law and Charlton
Diamond, Yauch and Horowitz
Rowland, Knowles and Williams
What kind of cells are found in animals and produce specialised cells of one or more types?
Haploid
Differentiation cells
Meristems
Stem cells
Which of the following is a potential downside to stem cell research?
There are ethical issues surrounding their use
They can be used as model cells
They can be used to investigate how cells become specialised
They can be used to repair damaged or diseased organs
The two strands of DNA are held together by which kind of bonds?
Phosphate
Peptide
Hydrogen
Strong chemical
Which of the following is the correct order of evolution?
cells > prokaryotes > animals > eukaryotes > land plants
cells > prokaryotes > eukaryotes > animals > land plants
cells > prokaryotes > eukaryotes > land plants > animals
prokaryotes > cells > eukaryotes > animals > land plants
Normal DNA - ATTTTTTACG. Mutated DNA - ATTTATTTACG. Which type of mutation has occurred?
Substitution
Inversion
Deletion
Insertion
Which of the following are required in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
DNA polymerase, template strand and ligase
RNA polymerase, template strand and primers
DNA polymerase, template strand and primers
RNA polymerase, ligase and primers
PCR is a technique used for what?
The amplification of DNA in vitro
The amplification of DNA in limbo
The amplification of DNA in livin la vida loca
The amplification of DNA in vivo
What are the DNA base pairing rules?
Adenine to Thymine, Cytosine to Guanine
Adenine to Cytosine, Thymine to Guanine
Adenine to Guanine, Cytosine to Thymine
Adenine to Uracil, Cytosine to Guanine
Which of these enzymes is required for DNA replication?
Dehydrogenase
Ligase
Amylase
Restriction endonuclease
Natural selection of human babies of medium rather than low or high mass is an example of?
Stabilising selection
Directional selection
Sexual selection
Disruptive selection
1000 DNA fragments are present at the start of a 5 min PCR cycle. How many after 20 min?
4000
32000
8000
16000
Normal DNA - ATCCCCCTACC. Mutated DNA - ATCCACCTACC. Which type of mutation has occurred?
Deletion
Insertion
Inversion
Substitution
What is the name for the basic units which make up strands of DNA?
Sugars
Phosphates
Nucleotides
Bases
The genetic material in human mitochondria is arranged as:
Linear chromosomes
Circular chromosomes
Circular plasmids
Linear plasmids
Why can both strands of DNA not be replicated continuously?
The DNA polymerase can only act on one strand at a time
There is not enough space for both strands to be copied
DNA nucleotides can only be added in a 5’ to 3’ direction
DNA nucleotides can only be added in a 3’ to 5’ direction
When part of a chromosome becomes attached to another chromosome it is known as what?
Duplication
Inversion
Deletion
Translocation
During PCR, which of the following occurs at the highest temperature?
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides
Primers bind
Ligase joins DNA fragments
Strands separated
Which type of chromosome structure mutation is important for evolution?
Inversion
Translocation
Deletion
Duplication
What kind of bonds form between adjacent amino acids in protein synthesis at the ribosome?
Strong chemical
Hydrogen
Peptide
Disulphide bridges
What parts are removed from the primary transcript when producing the mature RNA transcript?
Coding regions
Exons
Bases
Introns
Substitution, insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence is known as:
Single gene mutation
Polyploidy
Translocation mutation
Chromosome structure mutation
Which type of RNA carries a copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?
rRNA
tRNA
zRNA
mRNA
What stage of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus?
Translation
Formation of the final 3D protein shape
Cutting and combining
Transcription
The study of evolutionary relatedness is known as what?
Pharmacogenetics
Bioinformatics
Phylogenetics
Speciation