Have you ever used a gift card or store voucher?
👉 How did you feel about using it?
Tangible
Something you can touch or physically feel.
Example:
A bank underwrites (guarantees) a loan.
Signify
To mean or show something.
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Condition:
→ This sentence shows a “if–then” situation, explaining what happens under certain conditions.
In your opinion, is it better to budget money with cash envelopes or by tracking card expenses?
👉 Why do you think that method works better?
Credit Card 💳
👉 A plastic card from a bank that lets you buy things now and pay for them later.
Example:
Turning art into items to sell is a way to commodify it.
Underwrites
Promises to support or guarantee something, especially financially.
Example:
The teacher praised her student’s good judgement in choosing a project.
Trigger
To cause something to start or happen.
Understanding these roles helps you
follow the logic and purpose of the text more clearly.
Bearer
A person who carries or holds something.
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How do advertisements or promotions influence your decision on how to pay?
👉 Can you give an example?
Example:
“Today’s money has value because a government says that it does.”
Example:
The school has a policy about wearing uniforms.
If you could design a new way of paying for things in the future, what would it be like?
👉 How would it make life easier for people?
Example:
Loud noises can trigger a dog to bark.
Cowrie Shells
Small sea shells that were once used as money in many parts of the world.
Example:
The bearer of a ticket is the person who has it and can use it.
TOPIC
“Understanding the Function of Sentences.”
Sumer
One of the world’s first civilizations, located in what is now southern Iraq. Region of Ancient Mesopotamia
Example:
A red light can signify “stop” on the road.
Stable
Not likely to change or fall apart- steady and secure.
Have you ever received change in coins that you didn’t like carrying?
👉 How did you handle the situation?
Example:
“The first universal credit card was the Diners Club card.”
✅
In short:
Example:
“Sumerian tokens were an early form of money.”
Example:
Having a store nearby is a convenience.
Example:
The movie is essentially about friendship.
Policy
A plan of action or set of rules made by a person, company, or government.
Can you remember a time when you couldn’t pay because you didn’t have the right payment method?
👉 How did you solve the problem?
Example:
Sumer had some of the earliest cities and writing systems.
New
Vocabulary
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Reporting:
→ This sentence shares information from a source or expert.
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Classifying:
→ This sentence divides things into groups or categories.
Transactions
Exchanges where people buy, sell, or trade something.
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Cause–Effect:
→ This sentence explains a reason or result (why something happens).
Each sentence in a paragraph serves a specific role —
to define, classify, quote, report, show cause/effect, state a condition, or name something.
Example:
“According to archeologists, the first money was Sumerian tokens.”
Example:
“As economist Maynard Keynes said, ‘Ideas shape the course of history.’”
Example:
You make a payment when you buy a ticket.
Bill 💵
👉 A piece of paper that shows how much money you must pay for something (like at a restaurant or for electricity).
Here are the
examples and their meanings:
Defining:
→ This sentence gives a definition. It tells what something is.
NEW
VOCABULARY
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Essentially
Basically or most importantly.
Judgement
The ability to make good decisions or opinions.
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Example:
Buying a snack at a store is a transaction.
Example:
A stable bridge is safe to cross.
Naming:
→ This sentence simply identifies or names something.
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Example:
A book is tangible- an idea is not.
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Example:
“If you heat gold, it melts easily, making it ideal for creating coins.”
Payment
Money or something of value given in return for goods or services.
Example:
She used her credit card to buy a new jacket online.
When you travel, do you prefer to carry local cash or rely on cards?
👉 Why do you make that choice?
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This reading skill helps you figure out why a sentence is written — what its purpose or function is in the text.
Knowing this helps you understand how information is organized and how ideas connect.
Commodify
To turn something into a product that can be bought or sold.
Quoting:
→ This sentence uses someone’s exact words to support a point.
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Do you think contactless payments are safer or riskier than traditional methods?
👉 Why do you feel that way?
Example:
After eating at the restaurant, the waiter gave us the bill.
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Example:
“There are two types of money: commodity and fiat.”
How do you usually pay for small items like snacks or drinks?
👉 Why do you prefer that method?
Example:
In ancient times, people paid with cowrie shells instead of coins.
Do you think online shopping has changed the way people pay for things?
👉 How has it changed your habits, if at all?
Convenience
Something that makes life easier or quicker.