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General Didactics - Approaches & Methods - Part  ...

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  • Procedure & Materials: The lesson starts with a real- life scenario. Materials are often authentic or semi- authentic dialogues and listening scripts. Approach?
    The Functional Approach
  • Procedure & Materials: The lesson starts with a task or a communicative need. Materials are often authentic (brochures, ads, websites) to make the tasks feel real. Approach?
    Communicative Approaches
  • Theory of Language: Language is a system of grammatical rules and structures, arranged hierarchically. Approach? Theory of Learning?
    The Structural Approach / Learning is a mechanical process of habit formation. Through repetition and drills, new patterns are ingrained and become automatic.
  • Activities: Controlled practice (gap- fills, substitution drills) and then freer practice (role- plays, information gaps, debates). Approach?
    Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP)
  • Theory of Language: Language is for communication, and its meaning is negotiated between speakers. Accuracy is secondary to fluency. Approach? Theory of Learning?
    Communicative Approaches /  Learning occurs through real- world communication and collaboration. It's a social process where learners construct meaning.
  • Learner: A detective and a problem- solver. The learner is an active participant in their own learning. Approach? / Teacher's roles?
    Guided Discovery / A guide and a designer of the discovery task. The teacher doesn't give answers but helps students find them.
  • Teacher: A needs analyst and a designer of activities. The teacher identifies target functions and creates authentic scenarios. Approach? Learner's roles?
    The Functional Approach / An active communicator and an active user of language to achieve a specific purpose.
  • The main objective is to develop communicative competence and fluency. The design is a process-oriented or task-based curriculum. Approach? Mention & Describe Syllabus involved.
    Communicative Approaches / A Task-based or Thematic Syllabus. The curriculum is organized around real-world tasks or broad topics ("travel," "the environment")
  • Activities: Analysis of texts to find patterns, grammar puzzles, and the sorting and categorizing of sentences. Approach?
    Guided Discovery
  • Activities: Role-plays, simulations, and problem-solving tasks that mimic real-life situations. Approach?
    The Functional Approach
  • Learner: A passive recipient and imitator. The learner follows instructions and repeats patterns to form correct habits.  Approach?  / Teacher's roles?
    The Structural Approach / Teacher: A controller and model. The teacher presents the language and leads the drills.
  • Activities: Information Gap Activities, group projects, surveys, and collaborative problem- solving tasks, authentic material use. Approach?
    Communicative Approaches
  • Theory of Language: Language is both a system of rules and a tool for communication. It can be broken down into discrete parts. Approach? Theory of Learning?
    Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP) / Learning is a cognitive process that follows a three-stage sequence: understanding, applying, and then creating.
  • Procedure & Materials: The procedure is inductive. The teacher provides examples, and students work to figure out the rule. Materials are specially prepared texts and worksheets. Approach?
    Guided Discovery
  • The objective is to achieve accuracy in the first two stages and fluency in the final stage. The design is a three-part lesson. Approach? Mention & Describe Syllabus involved
    Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP) / Typically a Grammatical or Lexical/Functional Syllabus (combination of structural, functional & lexical elements).
  • The main objective is to enable learners to perform a specific communicative function (e.g., making a request, giving an opinion). The design is task- oriented. Approach? Mention & Describe Syllabus involved.
    The Functional Approach / A Functional Syllabus. The curriculum is organized by communicative functions.
  • Theory of Learning: Learning is a cognitive, inductive process. Students actively analyze examples and figure out the rules for themselves. Approach? Theory of Language?
    Guided Discovery / Language is a system of rules that can be logically deduced by the learner, not just received from the teacher.
  • The primary objective is accuracy. The design is a highly linear progression from simple to complex grammatical points. Approach? Mention & Describe Syllabus involved
    The Structural Approach / Grammatical Syllabus. The curriculum is organized by grammatical structures (e.g., simple present, past tense, future).
  • Activities: Drills (substitution, transformation), and the memorization of dialogues. Approach? Procedure & Materials?
    The Structural Approach / The procedure is highly controlled and teacher-led. Materials are typically textbooks with patterned drills and audio recordings.
  • Learner: A negotiator of meaning and a collaborator. The learner is responsible for making their meaning understood, even with errors. Approach? / Teacher's roles?
    Communicative Approaches / A facilitator and a guide. The teacher creates the conditions for communication, provides support, and observes.
  • Learner: The learner first mimics, then applies, and finally creates. They move from controlled application to independent use. Approach? / Teacher's roles?
    PPP / A presenter, a controller (in the practice stage), and a facilitator (in the production stage).
  • Theory of Learning: Learning is about how language is used to achieve a specific communicative purpose. Students learn by using language in realistic social scenarios. Approach? Theory of Language?
    The Functional Approach / Language is a tool for social interaction and communication. Its primary purpose is to enable people to perform a task.
  • The objective is to develop learners' analytical skills and promote a deeper understanding of language rules. Approach? Mention & Describe Syllabus involved.
    Guided Discovery / A Grammatical or Lexical Syllabus, but the rules are presented implicitly.
  • Procedure & Materials: The lesson follows a clear, three-stage procedure. Materials include textbooks, worksheets, and visuals. Approach?
    Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP)
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