Why are synthesis reactions important for living organisms?
They build molecules like proteins and muscles needed for life functions.
What is an exchange reaction?
Parts of molecules switch places; example: ATP transferring phosphate.
Describe one way a physical change differs from a chemical change.
A physical change doesn't form a new substance (like melting); a chemical change does (like burning).
What happens in a decomposition reaction? Give an example.
A big molecule breaks into smaller ones; example: digestion.
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
The number of protons in an atom.
How are isotopes different from regular atoms?
Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is dehydration synthesis?
Dehydration synthesis builds bonds by removing water, used in synthesis.
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is biochemistry?
Biochemistry is the study of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms.
Give one example of a chemical reaction in a living organism.
Enzymes break down food during digestion.
What is a compound? Give one example.
A compound is two or more elements bonded together, like H₂O (water).
What is metabolism, and why is it important?
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions in the body that help with energy, growth, and repair
What are trace elements, and why are they important?
Trace elements are needed in tiny amounts but are essential for health (e.g., iron, zinc).
Describe a synthesis reaction with an example.
Small molecules join to form a bigger one; example: protein synthesis.
What is hydrolysis, and when does it occur?
Hydrolysis breaks bonds by adding water, occurs during decomposition/digestion.
How are anabolic and catabolic reactions different?
Anabolic builds molecules and uses energy; catabolic breaks molecules and releases energy.
What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
Covalent bonds share electrons; ionic bonds transfer electrons.
Give an example of an exergonic reaction in the body.
Cellular respiration (breaking down glucose).
What kind of reaction requires energy?
Endergonic reactions require energy.
What kind of reaction releases energy?
Exergonic reactions release energy.