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Immunity Test Challenge

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  • Which skin secretion prevents microorganism growth?
    Sebum (oil and acid).
  • Which organ’s acid destroys bacteria in food and drink?
    Stomach (Hydrochloric acid)
  • What fluid secreted by the respiratory tract traps bacteria?
    Mucus
  • When you get a vaccine, which defence line is working?
    Third line (specific memory cells).
  • Which enzyme in tears and saliva destroys some bacteria?
    Lysozyme
  • What name is given to foreign particles that stimulate the immune response?
    Antigens
  • What is the interaction between antibody and antigen called?
    Immune response
  • Which line of defence includes fever, phagocytosis and inflammation?
    Second line of defence
  • What is the role of blood clotting in defence?
    Prevents entry of bacteria through wounds.
  • Which chemical triggers the inflammatory response?
    Histamine
  • If a person recovers from COVID-19, why is it easier for their body to fight it the next time?
    Memory cells/antibodies are formed → immune system responds faster.
  • If a person has HIV, which defence line is weak?
    Third line (lymphocytes/antibodies).
  • Which lymphocyte attacks infected body cells directly?
    T lymphocyte
  • Which cells produce antibodies?
    Lymphocytes
  • Which line of defence prevents pathogens from entering the body?
    First line of defence
  • What happens when antibodies attach to antigens?
    Pathogens are marked for destruction or neutralized
  • Which two leucocytes carry out phagocytosis?
    Neutrophils and monocytes
  • What is the main difference between the second and third lines of defence?
    Second line is non-specific; third line is specific to particular pathogens
  • Which organelle combines with a phagosome to digest bacteria
    Lysosome
  • Which enzyme in lysosomes digests bacteria?
    Lysozyme
  • What are antibodies made of?
    Proteins
  • What happens to blood capillaries when histamine is released?
    They expand and become more permeable
  • What is formed when a phagocyte engulfs a bacterium?
    Phagosome
  • What physical barrier prevents entry of pathogens?
    Skin
  • Which line of defence is specific to particular pathogens?
    Third line of defence
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