AP PSYCH: Review Ch. 11 & 1

refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members.

the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Type of psychological perspective in which the reason human beings behave the way they behave is due to past experiences(traumatic) -studied by Sigmund Freud

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1j

experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

Type of information processing that involves attending to the conent of the message itself (type of persuasion)

The process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading, or explanation

The perspective through which it is believed different traits within any individual are a result of our ancestors adapting for survival and reproduction

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effects on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).

Change of behavior to match a group

When people change their behavior as a result of another person or group asking or directing them to change

occurs when an individual acts in a less positive way or performs worse when they are around others

Changing one's behavior at the direct order of an authority figure.

An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo

average; when you add up all scores and divide by the number of scores

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

A psychological perspective that focused on human potential and achievements

type of reciprocity norm where someone does a favor for you, you feel obligated to repay them

The type of psychological perspective where it is believed humans behave the way they do because of the environment around us

Prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation/reward and may involve risk of harm to oneself

explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors

the phenomenon when the behavior of the participants will be changed because of being in an experiment

Type of psychological perspective where people believe that people behave the way they do because of logical thought

the concept that people are prone to exert less effort on a task if they are in a group versus when they work alone

Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance ,thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups

when someone evaluates a message, such as an advertisement, on the basis of physical attractiveness, background music, or other surface-level characteristics rather than the actual content of the message (type of persuasion)