Which direction does the Nile flow and where does it flow to? How long is the Nile?
north from the heart of Africa to the Mediterranean Sea/ 4000 miles
Who were the earliest Egyptians?
hunters and gatherers that settled into the Nile river valley around 5,000 B.C. They farmed the land and built villages.
a fan-shaped area of marshy land near where a river flows into the sea
delta
a line of rulers from one family
dynasty
a bucket attached to a long pole, used to move water for irrigation
shadoof
How did the Mesopotamian people treat each other compared to how the Egyptians treated each other?
Egyptians used Nile for trade and transportation. North winds pushed sailboats south. Flow of Nile carried them North. Villages friendly./City-states fought
Which waters allowed Egyptians to trade with others?
The Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Red Sea beyond the desert to the east
How did the lack of invaders effect Egypt?
Egyptian civilization grew and prospered.
How was the geography of Mesopotamia different than that of Egypt?
The deserts and the rivers did not keep out invaders. Mesopotamians constantly fought off attackers.
a reed plant that grows along the Nile River
papyrus
dangerous, fast-moving waters
cataracts
Describe the delta and the land around the Nile River Valley.
Many branches spread out over an area of rich soil, deserts lie on both sides "the Red Land" (because they were so hot)
How were the Egyptians protected by their physical environment?
the Red Land in the north kept out armies bc it was so hot and delta marshes kept them from sailing into Egypt, dangerous cataracts blocked enemy boats
Why can't large ships sail where the White Nile and Blue Nile meet?
Cataracts form not allowing the ships to pass.
Which 2 rivers meet to form the Nile?
Blue Nile in eastern Africa and the White Nile in central Africa
Why did Egyptians rely on the Nile and what did they use the Nile River for?
Egypt gets little rainfall/ fishing, farming, cooking, and cleaning
When did settlement begin in Nile River Valley?
5000 B.C.
a writing system made up of picture and sound symbols
hieroglyphics
Name 3 ways the Nile River helped out the Egyptians
River provided water for drinking and growing crops, cataracts kept out invaders, marshy delta kept out enemies.
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