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Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene Idea

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  • Monohybrid?
    One trait.
  • Explain phenotype.
    Physical appearance.
  • Explain multiple alleles.
    More than two alleles exist for a trait.
  • Explain a dominant allele.
    Determines the organism's appearance.
  • Explain codominance.
    The two alleles each affect the phenotype in a different way.
  • What is a pedigree?
    A family tree that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across generations
  • Explain genotype.
    Genetic makeup.
  • What is does multifactorial inheritance indicate?
    Genetic and environmental factors influence the phenotype.
  • What is the P generation?
    Parental generation
  • What are alleles?
    Alternative versions of genes.
  • Alleles can show different degrees of ______________ and _____________ in relation to each other (Mendel's labels don't always apply)
    Dominance or recessiveness
  • What is a testcross?
    Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote can reveal the unknown genotype.
  • What is epistasis?
    The phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus alters that of a gene at a second locus.
  • Explain a recessive allele.
    No noticeable effect on the organism's appearance.
  • What is a carrier (as seen in a genotype or on a pedigree)?
    Heterozygous individual that may pass on a recessive allele.
  • Explain homozygous.
    An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character is said to be homozygous.
  • Explain incomplete dominance.
    A heterozygote that looks like a blend of two phenotypes.
  • Explain Mendel's law of independent assortment.
    Each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation. Only applies to genes located on different chromosomes.
  • Define true-breeding.
    Pure-bred- organisms that only pass a particular phenotypic trait on to their offspring.
  • Define pleiotropy.
    One gene that can affect several traits (for example, could affect three different organs)
  • Explain polygenic inheritance.
    An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype
  • Explain quantitative characters.
    characters in a population that demonstrate gradations along a continuum.
  • Define character.
    A heritable feature that varies among individuals.
  • Define trait.
    Each variation on a character- like purple or white for flower color.
  • What is the F2 generation?
    Offspring from the F1 generation.
  • Define hybridization.
    Crossing two true breeding varieties- like a purple flower with a white flower
  • Dihybrids?
    Two characters being followed in a cross.
  • Define complete dominance.
    Mendel's examples- one alleles expressed in genotype.
  • What is the F1 generation?
    First generation after P generation- Mendel's hybrid offspring
  • Explain Mendel's Law of Segregation.
    Alleles for heritable traits segregate (separate from each other) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
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