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Mishna Game

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  • If two judges say “liable” and one says “exempt,” what is the ruling?
    The defendant is liable.
  • What must the witness say for his testimony to be accepted?
    That the defendant admitted he owes the money in front of witnesses.
  • Why is a judge who says “I don’t know” not counted as part of the court?
    Because he didn’t give a clear opinion, so he can’t be part of the vote.
  • How do they decide once new judges are added to the case?
    They follow the opinion of the majority.
  • If one says “liable,” one says “exempt,” and one says “I don’t know,” what must the court do?
    Add more judges to reach a majority decision.
  • Why is it wrong for a judge to say “I thought he was exempt but my friends disagreed”?
    Because it spreads secrets and causes arguments—it’s lashon hara.
  • Which witness do they bring in first?
    The oldest one.
  • Why are all people besides the judges taken out of the room?
    So they don’t tell the second witness what the first one said.
  • What is the first thing the judges ask the witness to say?
    How exactly he knows that the defendant owes the plaintiff money.
  • What does the greatest judge say when announcing the decision to the litigants?
    “So-and-so, you are exempt,” or “So-and-so, you are liable.”
  • What happens after the second witness is brought in?
    He is questioned the same way, and if their stories match, the judges discuss the case.
  • If two judges say “exempt” and one says “liable,” what is the final ruling?
    The defendant is exempt.
  • What do the judges do if both witnesses agree on the story?
    They discuss the case to decide the verdict.
  • Why does the defendant become obligated to pay if he admits in front of witnesses?
    Because public admission makes it official and binding.
  • If the witness says, “I heard it from someone else,” is that valid testimony? Why or why not?
    No, because it’s just hearsay, not what he saw himself.
  • Why do they intimidate the witnesses before questioning them?
    To make sure they tell only the truth.
  • Where do the judges bring the witnesses to question them?
    Into a special room in the courthouse.
  • Can a judge tell the litigants what he personally voted after the case is over?
    No, he may not.
  • If the witness says “the defendant told me he owes the money,” is that valid testimony? Why or why not?
    No, because it’s not a proper admission unless others heard it too.
  • What פסוק teaches us not to tell people what happened in the court discussion?
    לֹא תֵלֵךְ רָכִיל בְּעַמֶּךָ
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