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Genetics

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  • What is a gene?
    A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for different characteristics/traits.
  • What is a mutation?
    An error when copying DNA - a change to the DNA sequence.
  • What happens in Cytokinesis?
    The cell membrane pinches off and 2 separate cells are formed.
  • What happens in telophase?
    The nuclear envelope reforms and spindle fibres disappear
  • In Meiosis, what is the difference between Prophase 1 & 2?
    Prophase 1 has crossing over of genetic material where as prophase 2 does not
  • What does the term Homozygous refer to?
    2 of the same allele
  • What is the difference between Metaphase 1 & 2
    Metaphase 1 the pairs of chromosomes line up long the middle and independent assortment (IA) happens. M 2 no IA and sister chromatids line up in the middle
  • True or false: Meiosis produces genetically identical cells
    False
  • What happens in Prophase?
    Nuclear envelope disintegrates and chromosomes condense. Spindle fibres appear
  • What is a chromosome?
    DNA is packaged into thread-like structures
  • Semi-conservative replication DNA strands are made up of?
    A new molecule consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly made strand
  • What symbol represents a female in a pedigree chart?
    a circle
  • What happens in anaphase?
    Spindle fibres pull sister chromatids towards the poles of the cell
  • How many chromosomes do humans have?
    46
  • Which base pairs with Adenine
    Thymine
  • what is inheritance?
    traits are passed down from parent to child
  • What are the 4 bases that make up DNA?
    Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine
  • What are the stages of meiosis
    P1, M1, A1, T1, C1, P2, M2, A2, T2, C2. P:prophase, M:metaphase, A:Anaphase, T:Telophase, C:Cytokinesis
  • What is an Allele?
    Different versions of a gene
  • What happens in Metaphase?
    Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibres attach
  • How many daughter cells are produced from Mitosis?
    2
  • What does DNA stand for?
    Deoxyribonucleic acid
  • Which base pairs with cytosine?
    Guanine
  • True or False: Mitosis produce genetically identical cells.
    True
  • How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis?
    4
  • Describe the structure of DNA
    DNA is a double helix that is made with a sugar phosphate backbone and 4 base pairs.
  • What symbol represents a male in a pedigree chart?
    a square
  • What are the stages of Mitosis
    (PMAT) Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
  • What is mitosis used for?
    growth and repair of cells
  • What is DNA replication?
    DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before it divides.
  • What does the term Heterozygous refer to?
    2 different copes of an allele