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C1 and C2

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  • Which state of matter flows and has a fixed volume but no fixed shape?
    liquid.
  • What does a heating curve show?
    how temperature changes with time during heating.
  • What does the period number show (atomic structure)?
    number of occupied electron shells.
  • What does the kinetic particle theory explain?
    how particles move and behave.
  • What happens to the volume of a gas when pressure increases (at constant temperature)?
    it decreases.
  • Why do isotopes have similar chemical properties?
    they have the same number of electrons.
  • What happens to particle energy when a substance is heated?
    it increases.
  • What is a mixture?
    a combination of substances not chemically bonded.
  • What is a covalent bond?
    a shared pair of electrons between atoms.
  • How does molecular mass affect diffusion rate?
    heavier particles diffuse more slowly.
  • Why do simple molecules have low boiling points?
    they have weak intermolecular forces.
  • What is the charge on an electron?
    -1.
  • What is an anion?
    a negatively charged ion.
  • What is a cation?
    a positively charged ion.
  • What is the relative charge of a proton?
    +1.
  • What happens to particle movement when a solid melts?
    particles gain energy and move more freely.
  • What is the process of a liquid turning into a solid called?
    freezing.
  • What are isotopes?
    atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
  • What is the electron configuration of an atom with proton number 11?
    2, 8, 1
  • How are the particles arranged in a solid?
    closely packed in a regular pattern.
  • Which state of matter has neither fixed shape nor fixed volume?
    gas.
  • What happens to the volume of a gas when temperature increases (at constant pressure)?
    it increases.
  • What does the group number show (atomic structure)?
    number of electrons in the outer shell.
  • What is an element?
    a pure substance made of one type of atom.
  • What group has full outer shells?
    Group VIII (noble gases).
  • Why can metals conduct electricity?
    they have delocalised electrons.
  • What is an ionic bond?
    a strong attraction between oppositely charged ions.
  • What is the process of a gas changing to a liquid called?
    condensation.
  • What are the three main states of matter?
    solids, liquids, gases
  • What is diffusion?
    the spreading out of particles from high to low concentration.
  • Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
    solid.
  • What is the mass number?
    the total number of protons and neutrons.
  • What is the relative mass of a neutron?
    1.
  • Why do gases diffuse faster than solids?
    their particles move freely and quickly.
  • What is the process of a liquid changing into a gas called?
    boiling or evaporation.
  • What is a compound?
    a substance made of atoms of different elements chemically bonded.
  • What is the atomic number?
    the number of protons in an atom.
  • How do particles move in a gas?
    they move rapidly and randomly.
  • What is found in the nucleus of an atom?
    protons and neutrons.
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