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Applied Science: Unit 4

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  • What is a catalyst?
    A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction
  • What is the role of amylase?
    Breaks starch into glucose
  • What does vitamin D aid the absorption of?
    Calcium
  • Name 3 micronutrients
    Iron, Vitamin C and Vitamin D
  • What is peristalisis?
    Muscular contractions of the gut
  • What do lacteals do?
    absorb glycerol and fatty acids
  • What is the role of gastrin?
    Stimulates growth of stomach lining, movement of the stomach and secretion of hydrochloric acid
  • What is assimiliation?
    The process by which an organism incorporates absorbed nutrients into the body
  • What does lipase break lipids into?
    3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
  • What is the role of proteases?
    Breaks protein into amino acids
  • Why do the villi of the small intestine maximise absorption?
    Provides a large surface area
  • What is emulsification?
    Breakdown of large fat droplets into small fat droplets increasing surface area
  • How are sodium ions transported from the intestinal cells into the blood?
    By active transport
  • What provides a good source of calcium?
    Dairy foods, green leafy veg
  • What is the function of hydrochloric acid?
    Kills bacteria & Prvides suitable pH for pepsin activity (pH2)
  • Why would low levels of sodium lead to tiredness?
    Less glucose diffused into blood so less glucose for respiration
  • What is adeficiency of vitamin c called?
    Scurvy
  • What is hydrolysis?
    Addition of a water molecule to break a bond
  • Where is gastrin produced?
    Stomach
  • What part of the small intestine is glucose & amino acids absorbed?
    Ileum
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