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Final Exam Review- Urinary System

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  • What does IVU stand for?
    Intra Venous Urogram ( pyelogram)
  • The trigone within the bladder has mucosa that is ___________________
    smooth
  • what does the med term "cysto" mean?
    sac like
  • What does a cystogram look at?
    to see all aspects of the bladder
  • What exams are for an IVU ?
    KUB and kidney shots
  • What are the usual instructions for a urinary contrast study? Why?
    Low residue diet and NPO for 8 hours, you want to clear the intestines of fecal material and gas
  • What exams are performed retrograde?
    Pyelogram and cystogram
  • If you are just looking at a sac within the body , what contrast media can you use?
    iodinated
  • What are contraindications of iodinated contrast media?
    diabetes,elevated BUN and Creatinine, age and/or anemia
  • Why perform a cystogram?
    leakage, reflux
  • The VCUG and IVU are performed antegrade or retrograde?
    antegrade
  • Is there a CR angle on a female for an AP bladder? Male? Why? What angles would be used?
    no yes so the symphysis pubis doesn't superimpose over the bladder , 10-15 caudad
  • What is the portion of the bladder that forms from the entrance of the two ureters and the exit side of the urethra?
    the trigone
  • What does an IVU look at?
    The function of the kidneys, ureters and bladder using contrast.
  • Why is an RPO done on a male for a VCUG ?
    because a male has a longer urethra
  • If you are starting an IV line what contrast do you normally use?
    non-ionic
  • What does a VCUG look at ?
    It looks at the patients ureters and bladder while they urinate.
  • What percentage of kidney filtration is returned to the blood system? What percentage is excreted?
    99%, 1%
  • What are nephrons?
    they are the functional units of the kidney
  • Why do obliques for a kidney?
    moves the contrast around
  • Why does a patient need to void their bladder before a study?
    so the contrast is not diluted in the urine
  • At what vertebral level does the hilum of the kidney lie?
    L 1
  • What is another term for nephrons?
    parenchyma
  • Why perform an IVU?
    stones, cause of malfunction
  • What is the most important post care after a contrast study?
    drink plenty of fluids
  • What exam is performed for a Cystogram?
    bladder shot
  • The bladder mucosa has folds called ______________________
    ruggae
  • Where does the bladder and urethra lie within the peritoneum ? infra or retroperitoneal? Where does everything else lie?
    infra, retro
  • When performing an oblique view of the kidney, where does the CR need to be? What is the patients obliquity?
    2" above the iliac crest and midline. 30* or angle that puts kidney parallel to IR
  • At what vertebral level are the kidneys, within the peritoneum?
    between the xiphoid tip ( T 12) and The iliac crest (L 3)
  • What is the main function of the Urinary system?
    filter blood, balance electrolytes, regulate H2O
  • What are the two functional studies done for the urinary system?
    VCUG and IVU
  • What forms around the base of the bladder in males?
    prostate
  • Why perform a VCUG?
    incontinence, prolapsed bladder, reflux
  • What does VCUG stand for?
    Voiding Cysto Urethrography
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