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  • Pulmonary Catheter
    Tube inserted into the pulmonary artery for pressure measurements.
  • Pulsus Alternans
    Alternating strong and weak heartbeats, indicating left ventricular dysfunction.
  • Pulmonary Wedge Pressure
    Measurement of left atrial pressure via a catheter in the pulmonary artery.
  • Cardiac Output
    Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute (SV × HR).
  • Pulse Pressure
    Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  • MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure)
    Average blood pressure in arteries during one cardiac cycle.
  • Apex Beats
    The palpable beating of the heart at the chest’s apex.
  • Atrial Fibrillation
    Irregular and rapid heartbeat that increases stroke risk.
  • Stroke Volume
    Amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat.
  • Central Venous Pressure
    Pressure in the central veins, reflecting right heart function and fluid status.
  • Abdominojugular Reflux
    Increased jugular venous pressure upon pressing the abdomen, indicating heart dysfunction.
  • Heart Murmurs
    Unusual heart sounds caused by turbulent blood flow or valve abnormalities.
  • Atrial Flutter
    Rapid, regular atrial contractions, leading to inefficient blood pumping.
  • Vascular Bruits
    Abnormal sound due to turbulent blood flow in arteries.
  • End Diastolic Pressure
    Pressure in the ventricles at the end of diastole (filling phase).
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